Essays --

IntroductionI never knew John B. Thompson is a writer in the field of kind science and sociology until I read one of his books. He is the author of the book The Media and Modernity A Social Theory of the Media. As a professor of sociology and a fellow of Jesus College in Cambridge, he brings stunned the aspect of social science in the media through in his book. The book is among the most interesting books I have ever read because Thompson explains the relationship between media and modernity using the social theory of the media. As I went through the contents of the book, I could easily see how he uses his study of confabulation in social contexts.Summary and AnalysisIn the book, Thompson makes it easy for the reader to understand mass communication in depth. He focuses on the application of mass communication in the contemporary times. He begins by defining the word mass in which he argues that the media today does not target the mass but niche markets. I agree with him on the f act that the term mass is misleading. It appeals to a vast audience composed of millions of individuals. He uses the most popular day newspaper as an example to illustrate this argument. I see it in films and television programs too. The society that I live in has several categories of audiences. In all social gatherings such as church meetings and cases where the target group of distinct information consists of specific character traits, I normally observe what Thomson refers to as undifferentiated individuals (Thomson13).As I read the book, I got some insight on the use of the word communication. At first, I could not understand what Thomson meant by overwhelmingly one way (Thomson 14), until he contrasted it with face-to-face communicatio... ...n to me. Through the book, one can easily see himself of herself in the description of the society today. ConclusionThis is a capable book that I would highly recommend to individuals who desire to understand the original theory of the media and how it has affected the modern world. Security agencies and managers in the information departments can observe a lot from the book. It also shows the developments in the media industry from the emergence of printing to the recent media characterized by cutting edge technology. Thompsons book is a absolute remedy for media-related challenges in the modern world because it explains with real-life examples how mass communication has developed over time. Even though the book offers a few suggestions about the time to come development of mass communication, a reader can certainly tell that it can only get better and more personal.

Customer Relationship Management Essay -- Software Technology CRM Essa

Customer Relationship ManagementA relative of mine works for a integrated firm on CRM (CustomerRelationship Management) software. He told me that their company isdoing well with their CRM initiative while most of the othercompanies, using various software, are not achieving their goal of customer satisfaction. That gave me a big click of interest towards myresearch topic and I came up with a research questions as How toavoid CRM failure? and how to choose a best CRM software vendor?Customer Relationship Management is an interactive process forachieving the optimum balance amidst corporate investments and thesatisfaction of customer needs to generate the maximum profit. CRMrefers to management of all interactions with customers in which theenterprise indulges. Its main focus is on managing and optimizingentire customer lifecycle. The customer lifecycle revolves aroundmarketing, sales and customer service.According to Jill Dyche (2002), CRM promises to help companies get toknow the ir customers well enough to understand which ones to keep andwhich ones they should be willing to doze off and why -and how not tooverspend in the meantime. CRM also means automating many of thebusiness processes and accompanying analysis and saving precious timein the bargain. immediatelys companies are interacting with consumers at unprecedentedlevels and across different channels, such as E-mail, text chat, andmulti-functional call centers. Marketing, sales and customer serviceare tired for CRM, so it is essential to acquire new customersand retain those who have high value, since customers have real valueto the companys success. And companies are pouring millions ofdollars into customer relationship management, but most initiativesfail to deliver customer needs, so it is essential to have a properanalysis of CRM before choosing a limited vendor. The objective ofgood CRM is to increase the customer base by acquiring new customersand effectively serving the needs of existing cu stomers.The U.S. business-to-consumer e-commerce market is forecast to amazefrom $41.7 billion this year to $163 billion in 2004, and companiesare realizing that customer relationship management will be a keydriver of this growth, says Robert DeSisto, a VP with corporateconsultant Gartner Group (Jusko, 2001, p.12).Gartne... ...World Wide Web http//www.selltis.com/newssalesandmarketing20020103.htm. Sullivan, Tom (2001, February). Software selection process. InfoWorld magazine.. Robert, M., Deanne, M., John, A. W. (2001). Emerging Technologies for Enhancing SupplierReseller Partnerships. Retrieved December 11, 2002 from World Wide Web http//www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V69-42BTKST- 23&_cdi=5809&_orig=browse&_coverDate=02%2F28 2F2001&_sk=999699997&wchp=dGLbVzblSzBS& _acct=C000043018&_version=1&_userid=776986&md5=dc3b050988e40666b4698d136219cf4f&ie=f. pdf. Siebel systems (2002).Implementation best practices Ensuring Customer success Retrieved December 11, 2002 from World Wide Web http//www.siebel.com/bestpractices/implementation.shtm. Perkins, Bob. (2001). The Truth about CRM Software Satisfaction supplement the Economy of Trust. Retrieved November 11, 2002 from http//www.crmguru.com/crminsight/2001c/0927.htm2. Hubley, Jen. (2002). Personalization tops privacy as key concern for e-mail marketers Retrieved December 12, 2002 from http//searchcrm.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid11_gci790282,00.html

Interpersonal Communication Essay -- essays research papers

In every society nonverbal communication is one of the most powerful tools that a person can use to provide the message that is being delivered. Even though verbal communication is fairly straightforward, nonverbal communication allows others to sense the true emotions of the person that is expressing them. For example even though a person may say that they are not irritated, their usage of voice may display otherwise. Nonverbal communication not only reveals secret messages, but it also complements, substitutes, and exaggerates verbal communication. It was 800 a.m. on April 9, 1999 and I was saying goodbye to my parents at the San Francisco Airport. While I was walking away from my parents gate I remembered the study for my Interpersonal Communication class, and decided that the airport was a perfect place to observe nonverbal behavior. I sat myself approach the entrance of a gate so I could clearly focus on personal space and voice behaviors while people stood in livestock to board their plane. This location allowed me to observe some very distinct behaviors, and I was amazed at the some(prenominal) different ways people express their emotions and the many people that werent aware of these expressions.After I observed four different boarding lines, I soon realized how impatient our society reacts to situations. As soon as the airline attendants announced the boarding for a certain flight, it seemed as if everybody rushed to the...

Essay --

Kimberly N. BroughtonDr. PardlowEnglish Literature I Final ExamDecember 9, 2013Passage I appears in hold back I of Paradise Lost, lines 254-263. The narrator, Satan, is boasting, along with his friend Beelzebub, lord of the flies, about how is it better to be the ruler in hell than serve God in Heaven. It solely started when Satan awoken in Hell from being thrown out of Heaven. Mevery angels had joined Satan and thus started the war with God. Realizing what happened, Satan goes on a fustian to Beelzebub, telling him how he will never bow down to God. Interpreting Satans rant, he says that everyone has their own mind. Whether or not theyre in Heaven or hell physic on the wholey, they can make it feel as another mentally. He also questions what makes God any greater than him or him any less that God. Satan figures at least he is free to roam and rule in Hell. In his mind, being king is more important, even if it is in Hell. He also believes that by no means can God drive them away f rom their throne in Hell. Passage V appears in record IV of Paradise Lost, lines 98-102. During this phase, Satan lands near the Garden of Eden. Looking back on Earth reminded Satan of who he once was. He considers, for a design moment, asking God for forgiveness despite its false pretenses. However, Satan is the epitome of evil. Wherever he goes, death, sin, and all things bad will follow. Through lines 98-102, the narrator is maxim that there is too much hatred and sin to justify. Satan mentions that if he attempts and achieves to reconcile with God, he is bound to relapse and become worse than before. In his warmheartedness he knows that God has given up on him and the other fallen angels. They believe that God created a new world known as man, to convert them. All good is lo... ...er and disobedience to God. Even though the sins of Satan, fling, and Eve granted them tedious punishments, their reasoning greatly differed. Adam sinned for the love and affection of a woman, eon Satan disobeyed because of pride and enviousness. Lastly, passage IX is found in Book 8. During this section, Adam and Eve had already partaken of the forbidden fruit. Shortly after tasting the fruit, Adam mentions that why something so delightful and pleasurable would be forbidden when it should be encouraged. Eating the fruit allowed them to become aware of their physical appearance. Adam and Eve began to subvent themselves for they were ashamed. However, along with being ashamed, they become attracted to the appearance of the flesh. Never had Adam ever noticed the perfection of Eves body. Needless to say, they had sexual intercourse all night until they fell asleep.

HIV/AIDS Prevention Among Adolescents in South Africa :: HIV in Africa

Policy Brief human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS Prevention Among Adolescents in South AfricaHeterosexual communion among adolescents is the primary method of HIV transmission in South Africa, with the majority of new infections occurring in the 21 25 year age group. An HIV-prevention campaign promoting frugality among young people would seem to be an effective barrier to further infections. However, a policy promoting abstinence approaches the problem only superficially, and would not take into tale all of the factors driving adolescents to engage in sexual relations, specifically unprotected sex, in the first place. Abstinence is not a viable method of HIV/AIDS prevention within the social, political, and economic context of South Africa.A more appropriate strategy would be a comprehensive program aimed at the de-stigmatization and prevention of the disease. A campaign promoting the use of condoms in all sexual encounters, backed by education and the expansion of HIV care and pr evention services, and tended to(p) by policies addressing destructive economic conditions and gender inequality would be the most effective strategy. Countries such as Uganda and Senegal have had success when taking a position approach to HIV prevention, we should follow their example and confront the epidemic on the terms on which it is striking our populace through the unfettered, unprotected, and unhealthy sexual practices of our youth. teaching method is of primary importance in the war against HIV/AIDS. It is the most efficient preventative weapon in our arsenal. Most young adults are at attempt because they lack the most basic information on HIV and how to protect themselves from infection. There is confusion about methods of transmission, cultural myths about the diseases curability, and, maybe most damaging, skewed perceptions of self-risk. In addition, there are high levels of denial of HIVs prevalence in communities that have yet to experience AIDS-related deaths. Th is results in adolescents convincing themselves that they can filter out dangerous partners through appearance or reputation. AIDS is externalized as a disease striking only at the margins of society, and is not seen as sufficient enough of a threat to change ones risky sexual behavior.HIV/AIDS education should be a community-wide occurrence. Scare tactics should be used to depict HIV in a realistic manner - as a disease integrated into every community that can and will infect you if you do not take the correct precautions. Limiting education to the schools keeps HIV/AIDS as a medicinal, sterile topic, and disassociates parents who are unwilling or unable to talk to their children about issues of a sexual nature.

HIV/AIDS Prevention Among Adolescents in South Africa :: HIV in Africa

Policy Brief human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS Prevention Among Adolescents in South AfricaHeterosexual carnal knowledge among adolescents is the primary method of HIV transmission in South Africa, with the majority of new infections occurring in the 21 25 year age group. An HIV-prevention campaign promoting self-denial among young people would seem to be an effective barrier to further infections. However, a policy promoting abstinence approaches the problem only superficially, and would not take into flyer all of the factors driving adolescents to engage in sexual relations, specifically unprotected sex, in the first place. Abstinence is not a viable method of HIV/AIDS prevention within the social, political, and economic context of South Africa.A more appropriate strategy would be a comprehensive program aimed at the de-stigmatization and prevention of the disease. A campaign promoting the use of condoms in all sexual encounters, backed by education and the expansion of HIV c are and prevention services, and accompanied by policies addressing destructive economic conditions and gender inequality would be the most effective strategy. Countries such as Uganda and Senegal have had success when taking a lease approach to HIV prevention, we should follow their example and confront the epidemic on the terms on which it is striking our populace through the unfettered, unprotected, and unhealthy sexual practices of our youth. learning is of primary importance in the war against HIV/AIDS. It is the most efficient preventative weapon in our arsenal. Most young adults are at adventure because they lack the most basic information on HIV and how to protect themselves from infection. There is confusion about methods of transmission, cultural myths about the diseases curability, and, by chance most damaging, skewed perceptions of self-risk. In addition, there are high levels of denial of HIVs prevalence in communities that have yet to experience AIDS-related death s. This results in adolescents convincing themselves that they can filter out dangerous partners through appearance or reputation. AIDS is externalized as a disease striking only at the margins of society, and is not seen as sufficient enough of a threat to change ones risky sexual behavior.HIV/AIDS education should be a community-wide occurrence. Scare tactics should be used to depict HIV in a realistic manner - as a disease integrated into every community that can and will infect you if you do not take the correct precautions. Limiting education to the schools keeps HIV/AIDS as a medicinal, sterile topic, and disassociates parents who are unwilling or unable to talk to their children about issues of a sexual nature.

Ted Baker

The brief was to create an integrated campaign that articulates the Ted Baker brand in one of these four categories watches, eyewear, footwear and fragrances. unacquainted(p) to work in any media and it can be displayed in the store swell as in the public domain. Using the Ted baker logo indoors the designs, free to work in any style and using any media. The requirements for the brief were simply 4 posters relating to the certain category we had chosen. Anything else provided would be optional extras. These posters would apply the brand and help push the boundaries in terms of styling, attention to detail and quality.Sources of research were initially just images online, billboards etc.. I found with Ted Baker that their advertising campaigns were just aboutwhat limited. In Cabot Circus theres a Ted Baker store with a few bits and bobs dotted around but they dont sell glaze anyway so almost of my research was left to depending on online resources. My research consisted of imag es with Ray-ban, their campaign Never Hide is really well known and is very recognised, really different posters are designed which is shown in my research.My final ideas were very professional and I feel they related to the brand, I felt they were quite strong. Using Photoshop I played virtually with imagery and layers, I chose a few high resolution images which I overlaid and edited in Photoshop. Then I chose a border which I also overlaid and played about with, I precious a grungey feel but at the same time I wanted it to be simplistic, similar to the work i would work out Ted Baker to look like/And want to put up around shops etc..After experimenting with backgrounds, I finally came up with one final browny/cream sloped type background with a black border, I wherefore edited this in Photoshop and then played around with effects and eventually came up with inverting it and then playing about with the colours, finally I had a red, blue, green and black one. I then started play ing about with vectors of glasses and chose 4 different pairs of glasses online and then drew around them with the pen turncock.Initially I had live traced them and then live painted, but I felt drawing them with the pen tool was much more accurate and precise, it also meant it was easier to edit the colours if I did need to change the colours for whatever reason. I wouldve preferred to have the posters at a bigger scale, maybe A2 as I feel in a shop these would suit the shop more rather than an A3 poster, its not massively noticeable. I used bright colours which had been lowered in saturation so they didnt stand out so much. I sed the typeface future which was the snuggled to the Ted Baker Logo typeface as I could get. I used 2 taglines including essential eyewear and eye candy. I wanted to keep what I was saying professional. The posters all flowed and kept certain things the same, meaning the layout, typeface, background style and positioning of the text. Throughout this brief I took a different approach to how I would normally, I visited the Ted Baker shop because the posters would be if printed, put up around the store in bigger.The targeted audience are lovers of glasses, Ted Baker or not. I wanted to keep a simplistic feel but at the same time make it very professional, which is different to a lot of the work I would usually produce. I learnt certain simple things in Photoshop which I didnt know before, overlaying etc. I feel I have successfully met the brief and produced some nice final outcomes which meet the requirements and are aesthetically pleasing.

Marketing in a New Venture

Today is a very different day as far as communication goes. We live in the senesce of NOW Over atomic number 18 the days when one has to wait for a letter from a friend, go to the grocery store before it c put ups or visitation to the bank before it closes to pay a bill. These advances come with set backs, such as scams. I be in possession of had some emails sent to me about winning a lottery that I have never played. such(prenominal) people pray on the destitute and ignorant. They lurk anywhere from emails to job postings. I must say, I respect Craigslist for having warnings and quiting a posting to be flagged if it seems at all suspicious. The craigslist team has put forth much effort to minimize such attempts. I have not seen this on many another(prenominal) sites.Craigslist has a reputation of being the go to spot for employment, gigs and events. If they were not careful about such things, they would probably lose a lot of business. This forces businesses to work hard to at least appear legitimate. It also puts a new twist on let the buyer beware. With so many scams on the internet, it is quite difficult to call a spade a spade. The warnings from Craigslist enable the consumer to make an informed decision and probably be less(prenominal) likely to deal with companies unheard of by most.It also empowers the average joe by perhaps prompting him to take that extra step to contact the Better blood line Bureau or consumer affairs to verify the legitimacy of these companies. As an avid user of craigslist, I am leary of ambiguous terms used in ads. Such ads I shy away from. I have come across ads that have been flagged and it helps me to feel that other users are looking out for each other. Craigslist creates a sense of comraderie and the safety in the big brother is watching theory. It has a commune feel and if that is not what they were going for, it is definitely not a gravely side effect.I had never heard of craigslist until a friend of mine mentioned it to me. Once I went on it, I was hooked. I wasted less succession on spam in disguise because the community was looking out for me. I learned of it by word of mouth, which is perhaps the way some other services would benefit. For example, a service for home replenishment would benefit from word of mouth. It is purely the nature of the medium that suggests this. Let us say that we know of a birth. The new mom may not be able to get around and may want her groceries delivered. I may tell her about it. possibly a friend broke his leg on a ski trip and cannot get around so well, I may speak of it then. maybe many students are studying for a final and are so enthralled in the studies that we cannot take a break. I may suggest it at that point. It is the type of entity that requires a situation to entertain the thought of utilizing the service. Another situation, such as a graduation (event) lends itself easily to viral marketing. Requiring those that I have emailed to move RSVP will give the hosting site information a marketing list and some of them will partake in such an event. A service to allow incoming college students to create personal pages, organized by their institutions, may benefit from word of mouth marketing with limited viral marketing.Since it is organized by the institution, it limits portal to those that are not privy to the institutional privileges. A service using a device to look up barcodes can definitely benefit from bootstrapping. The items that are being looked up will probably link to the company or manufacturer of such crossroads. They in turn will send similar product emails to the person looking up the products. This may result in traditional marketing, such as coupons and mailings with an instant direct marketing list.

New European Urban Hierarchy

Critically appraise the forces which be influencing the shape of a new-fangled European urban hierarchy (Hall, 1993). Use case studies to illustrate and assess how individual cities are positioning themselves in this new spatial order. Throughout Europe, cities and regions use up launched on a path of competitive re exploitation by content of a variety of strategies, ranging from large-scale mega developments and integrated action plans to community- based local re-conversion efforts.These schemes are spread over the European urban and regional landscape, operating in a variety of regulatory, political and socio- stinting contexts, welfare regimes and public policy frameworks and combine private and public initiatives and finances in a great diversity of institutional framework. However, they are comparable in the sense that they are inserted in and grapple with epochal orbicular trends and attempt to re-assert their position in the new global frugal competitive climate and i ts associated technological, cultural and social transformations.Each of these produces a series of profound mechanisms of exclusion/integration and, at the end of the day, it is such activities, which shape or moderate the process of polarization and exclusion itself. The 1980s saw competition between European cities for mobile investment in a variety of ways. multinational enterprises boosted this competition through looking at the location of new productive plants and offices, this at that placefore saw city governments promoting and marketing themselves in a more effective way in an effort to be a magnet for inward investment.They saw ways to Hall mark events such as major dissipated events cultural festivals and trade fairs which can all have considerable economic effectuate. I will be looking at Barcelona, capital of Ireland and Lille and at the antithetical strategies they have used to respond to global, economic pressures within and between cities in positioning themse lves in the European urban hierarchy and the changes that have taken place. Differences in infrastructure and human capital are widely recognised as contributing significantly to variations in regional competitiveness.The economically stronger and more prosperous regions of the community are generally more richly endowed with more resources, while the lagging regions typically have serious deficiencies (Commission of the European Community, 1994, p. 65). All major cities have become actively involved in what has been termed city marketing. There are ways in which academics have sought to identify cities from the best to the worst, this has been formal through league tables. From these league tables the cities to be at the most highest are obviously seen as the most appealing cities to live in and in like manner for investment.Rankings are made on the basis of economic variables such as gross domestic product per head, the unemployment rate, pressure for the demand for space or th e proportion of the workforce employed in higher-order occupations. Quality of life is measured in ways such as education, health care, cultural or leisure facilities and environmental variables. A new geography of Europe is emerging which ignores national frontiers. The most successful cities are located in what Hall termed the blue Banana.Cities in the centre derive considerable scale economics and access advantages whilst cities in the periphery do not and must bare substantial distance costs (Lever 1992936) The core banana covers the cities of London, Paris, Brussels, Amsterdam, Cologne, Frankfurt, Munich and Milan. A subsidiary core banana has developed which encompasses Mediterranean cities like Barcelona, Marseilles and Nice and which is connected to the first banana through the Alpine region. closely of the successful or those furthest up the hierarchy are located within these regionalised cores.These advantages have resulted in growth due to the specialised high engine ering science manufacture and information processing. The Commission of the European Communities has pointed there are weaknesses which are forcing investors to move out the high costs of wages and land and also the congestion and pollution. They also stated that the older urban centres in the core have older populations and will in time undergo a demographic dec whereas the younger populations of the periphery will engender further progress. There is not a single urban hierarchy in Europe.Rather there are a number of overlapping hierarchies, which centre on particular functions. Each urban area is in competition with a range of other(a)s according to the economic function and the sphere of influence global, national, or regional at which it performs its specialisms (Commission of the European Community, 1994, p. 44). The paradox in this statement illustrates the crucial point in the debate intimately territorial competition within the European urban trunk. It is not the urba n areas themselves that are directly in competition, but the economic specialisms and functions, which operate from within them.The locations of economic activities new production and service facilities, international institutions and major cultural and sporting events are also a function of an urban areas social capital. The externalities generated by the microscope stage and level of social capital are the basis for urban areas competing for the location of economic activities in the first instance and maintaining them locally in the second. However, it is the leading keenness or specialist activities, contained within city-regions, which compete within the global or international miserliness.Given the regionally networked nature of international production and service provision, there is also a degree of complementarily. Urban policy in Lille centres on the improvement of the competitive position and the development of large-scale operations that are open(a) of improving th e urban image and of attracting external investments. Eurolille is a large scale commercial quarter which has included many different policy domains job creation, education, development of urban space for new activities and function, new industries, neighbourhood revitalisation and improvement of security.The creation of the retail business centre Eurolille also light-emitting diode to the redistribution of commercial spaces in the city itself. The policies of urban positive feedback and the struggle against social exclusion in the Lille metropolis reflect these institutional and strategic transformations. Their analysis helps to understand the process that led to the realisation of Eurolille. The most generic procedure put forward by the Ministere de la Ville and the Delegation Interministerielle a la Ville is the Contrat de Ville (CDV).The main objective of this procedure is to fleck urban exclusion at the level of priority-targeted neighbourhoods and at the level of the agglome ration on the other. Actions for social assistance aiming at improving daily life as good structural actions involving large-scale urban operations (roads, improvement of the housing stock) are launched. Lille could expect substantial economic benefits from its position on the TGV network (Newman and Thorney 1996 190) The construction of the TGV come out in the centre of Lille in 1994 plays a key-role in this strategy of regenerating the Lille metropolis.The subsequent construction of an international business centre must put Lille at the heart of a Northern European transportation network and provide the metropolis with an important international role. This, in turn, should help to attract external investments, to piddle a pole of advanced business services and will make the metropolitan and regional economy much more dynamic. The advent of the Channel cut into and the high-speed train network in France, has also improved its attractiveness.Barcelona is a Mediterranean city, th e heart of the industrialization and the social, political, and cultural movements of contemporary Spain. The city has remarkable inference of moving from profound economic crisis in 1980 to a city with a strong image. The high degree of private investment in the projects related to the 1992 Barcelona surpassing Games corresponds to the great expectation created by the attractiveness of the city of Barcelona. The Olympic games bought the attention of the world to Barcelona (Newman and Thornley 199691)Among the physical impacts which per se can have important economic effects is the impact on urbanism. The change in the urban model can be seen immediately by comparing the density of traffic in 1990 in the lead the ring roads were built, with the density of 1993, after the opening of the Dalt and Litoral ring roads. The changes in traffic due to the effect of these roads was hotshot of the most semisynthetic expressions of the impact of the Olympic Games on the city. European in tegration strengthens the Western Mediterranean region, as a bridge between the centre and the south of Europe.In this context, Barcelona also has another powerful attraction its metropolitan area, found in a central axis of European communications. Barcelona is thus an excellent location for head offices and its metropolitan area excellent for the introduction of their plants. The possibilities of capitalizing on the Olympic impulse, consolidating its new role as a service centre specialized in activities with high tautologic value, seems clear. The build up to the Games brought about further impact on the city fabric, not least because it led to a massive increase in supposal on land values, and housing prices soared.There was a substantial growth in the number of properties available, which contrasted drastically with a birth rate at a record low, not to mention its negative migratory balance. Despite these facts nothing held down the rise in property prices for both home owner ship and rent. capital of Ireland as the national capital and primate city in Ireland has produced both renaissance flagship urban development projects and socio-spatially excluded communities in the drive to modernise and compete with other comparable cities in the newly emerging urban hierarchy of the European Union.The CHDDA International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) Urban Regeneration project is one of the main projects designed to enhance the citys image and competitive position in the international urban arena. The urban renewal act of 1988, decide out a process for model of regeneration in Dublin. With 23 property developers and 30 urban planners many changes were made to the city of Dublin. Since the 1980s Dublin has turned around and has been extremely successful from investments and has become a magnet for tourists.The IFSC represents an important attempt by the Irish government and the Industrial Development spot (IDA) to reposition Ireland in the international divi sion of labour from national primate city to peripheral world city. It seeks to avail of some of the benefits of the hypermobility of capital within the economy of the international financial system. Dublins IFSC has developed a niche for itself in the international division of financial services by focusing on back office banking operations and corporate treasury activities.Although no rival to London or New York, Dublins niche has strong global dimensions. Temple Bar was one of the key areas to receive European funding. A variety of cultural facilities, ranging from the National Film Centre, Childrens Theatre, Music Centres, Art Galleries, all standard major European funding. This contributed hugely to its capital programme. In addition, it had much better financial incentives than elsewhere in the City Centre. This concentration of European Funding and regime Tax Incentives within a relatively small area has been the financial power behind the scheme.Dublin Corporation has emba rked on a major regeneration project for a historic part of the city from OConnell Street westwards towards the Phoenix Park one of the key areas in the old Abercrombie/Sydney Kelly plan H. A. R. P. historic Area Regeneration Project. It covers a large part of the inner north city and includes the city markets area, major shopping centres, important public buildings, long found residential communities, areas of dereliction and many socially deprived areas. It also includes major civic elements, like the North Quays and Smithfield.The new light rail transport system LUAS, will pass through the area and this should have a strong economic effect. Policy tools can be applied in various combinations to distribute change in practice and to attempt to achieve sustainable development. The development and implementation of city-wide environmental strategies and action plans require effective community participation and federation mechanisms, as called for in the Local Agenda 21 progra mme. Local Agenda 21 is essentially a strategic process of encouraging and controlling sustainable development.The development, management and implementation of this process requires all the skills and tools that can be brought to bear by a local authority and its community. Cities are not just motionless places in which international capital or prestigious functions locate, but in the new global competition for economic growth, have themselves become important factors in creating opportunities for economic development and influencing the new urban hierarchy (Newman and Thornley 199616) Cities have been positioning themselves in this new urban hierarchy through the marketing strategies and construction of new images.This has taken place by many cultural activities and symbols all of which try to enhance the European world ranking of cities. Cities are obliged to adapt themselves promptly to constant changes in economy and in other sectors. It is essential not to forget that this n ew form of development implies a danger to create a bigger division than the one that already exists inside urban societies. One of the key elements in this adaptation process to new changes is that cities must have a permanent and flexible educational and training system able to adapt itself rapidly to each moment circumstances.

The Sole Remaining Supplier

Although the liability of a malfunctioned transistor is on he manufacturer, Justifying the manufacturers acts of deception would be functionalism because of Its moral reasoning. In this paper, I shall discuss the general utilitarian issues of the case. In addition, I will apply the incompatible steps of the utility Test and I shall apply this relative approach to the study of the Common-Good Test.Although my judgments are implicitly concerned with generalizing the ethical issues of the case, I shall criticize the utilitarianism the view that the best decision is the one that maximizes the expected utility over those who are affected Baron 1990). In addition, the paper shall inform as well as to which approach, the utility Test, or the Common-Good Test best evaluates the case. Introduction utilitarianism is foreseen as unjust because it leads to conclusions that permit those who are fortunate to hurt people with less fortunate situations.For example, in The Case of the Sole Remai ning Supplier, if the confederation decides to continue it sells of transistors without the puritanical engineering testing It is benefiting financially at the cost of the pacer patients and their families who rely on such technology for survival. If utilitarianism Is the normative theory. Hen my Judgments correct or not could fail to bring sense to any present or future consequence.However, this sort of knowledge will allow the reader to understand the situation of the case. utilitarian Issues There were many ethical issues involving the interchange of transistor supplies to the pacemaker company. If the company continues to communicate the transistors then It Is possible that It could suffer a future financial loss. If a lawsuit were to occur, the company would not only lose financial profits but also its shareholders and employees would suffer from the consequence as well.By stopping the selling of the transistors to the pacemaker company, it would put them out of business ho wever, the provider needs to evaluate the number of remnants that nominate occurred because of the different malfunctions of the transistors. On contrast, if the company remains as the sole supplier of the units and decides to stop Its manufacturing, heart patients In need of a pacemaker would die.In addition, the pacemaker technology would be put at a halt and improvements would never be found therefore, future heart pacemaker patients would not benefit from any forward-looking breakthroughs. Utility Test The consequences of a heart patient dying because of the selling of a transistor are high according to the case however, based on Thomas Shanks, (1996) heart patients In need of a pacemaker introduce for survival can be saved only by supplying the transistors but the company that manufactures the transistors are concerned saved.Although the pacemaker technology was in its infancy, malfunctions go on to be of concern to the manufacturers because of the legal actions that could occur therefore, the utilitarian question would be desexualised on the following question How many deaths will occur because of the malfunctions with the transistors? The do could be that in cases such as, The Case of the Sole Remaining Supplier the patient in need of an implant, the supplier, the manufacturer, and the stakeholder should sacrifice the chances of a malfunction although all of the patients heterogeneous have a right not to sacrifice in any way.However, a right is a social rule that saves people certain worries and preservative behavior. If a heart patient in need of an implant is sacrificed, all human beings would have to take precautions against companies such as this one for the benefit of there. In addition, all individuals regardless of medical reasons would worry about situations like this because at the end, implanting a pacemaker at their risk for the benefit of others would worry everyone. For this principle, the sacrifice may not be Justified in utilita rian terms.Outcomes or Utility Rights can always be outweighed therefore, rights are never absolute. An individuals Judgments are prone to error. We surmise of those who take a situation upon themselves to violate someone elses rights for their own good or someone elses good. Rights are worth enforcing because they serve as a utilitarian purpose. In a utilitarian analysis, practices put forward as rights might not be Justifiable in terms of their consequences because they are for their own name and address achievement rather than for everyone.In short terms, heart patients in need of a pacemaker would not be the only ones suffering from such consequences because all individuals have equal standing rights as a person regardless of medical reasons or not. Applying the Utility Test Making the correct decision to produce the best outcome for everyone requires a revision of the current engineering testing. The following considerations will examine the companys goods while minimizing th e harm to heart patients. Without the manufacturer of the transistors, the company will go out of business, the employees lose their Jobs, and shareholders lose their money. The supplier company runs the risk of legal action, which would result in the possible employee layoffs and shareholders experience a potential financial loss. pacemaker patients face death because manufacturer would stop selling transistors for the creation of pacemakers. However, if the transistors continue to be manufactured pacemaker patients continue to face a possible death because of malfunctions. 0 Future icemaker patients although not the primary stakeholders, could benefit from the implants because of the ongoing advances and improvements that the company does to improve their units.The following possible options could be taken into consideration by the supply company. 0 Stop selling transistors to the buying company. Although the supplier losses profit earned from the sales of the transistors, it wou ld avoid any future legal actions and avoid Jeopardizing the company. In addition, the rights of the suppliers employees and stakeholders would be preserved. Employees will continue to have a Job and earn a living, which it would to be possible if layoffs occurred after the financial lawsuits. On contrast, the company in business and earning profits. Future patients could benefit from naked as a jaybird and improved pacemaker technology. It also conserve the right of their employees and shareholders to continue earning a living and making profit. It also preserves the rights of the patients by providing a choice. The patient will make the decision of risking a malfunction without someone elses decision. Drawing a Conclusion The ethical decision would be to continue to supply the transistors in order for the majority of people to benefit.If the manufacturing company stopped producing the pacemakers, the patients basic right would be lost therefore, their freedom to life would be lo st as well. An individuals should outweigh any financial gain or loss too company and although the pacemaker technology was a new innovative alternative, consideration should be given to how it would make a difference in the future. Employees would keep their right to earn a living, while the companys shareholders keep the right to adjoin their wealth. This decision is the only possible way that would serve the majority of the people.Common Good Test As the Pacemaker technology was serving as the common good, by protecting peoples rights to a new and promising medical technology, the supplier of the transistors and the manufacturing company compared the penalty Judgments in question. They would make safer product vs.. The question of not making the product. For example, the company knew that the transistors malfunctioned but was reconsidering the selling of the product because they were concerned with the possible legal actions. If the company stopped selling the transistors, it wo uld avoid any legal action.On contrast, society depends on new medical technologies therefore, if they kept the possible malfunctions as a secret it would avoid any future effects. The two facts mean that the consequences of selling the transistors would justify the means because by selling the units an action is right if it creates the best outcome. However, this stipulation rules out any effects because if patients accepted an implant knowing of such malfunctions rather than denying the malfunctions the company is playacting honest and its fulfilling its contractual obligation at the same time. Which ApproachThe Utility Test is the most informative method compared to the Common Good Test because it allows people to determine if the transistors design is defective therefore, it makes the manufacturer liable for any injuries that their product causes. Conclusion Utilitarianism allows a company or an individual evaluate their decisions through a narrow down of practical guidelines (Baron, 1985). In this paper, I have summarized the utilitarian approach to the common good test and I have described several suggestions in which an individuals recognition often contradicts the utilitarian theory.People seem to think that penalties are inherently deserved and that they should be applied even when there is deterrence. In addition, it is believed that compensation should be greater when people get harmed by nature. In contrast to utilitarian, people are loth in harming people Just to help another person, and they become reluctant to initiate reforms when the benefits are unequally distributed although People differ in each case but according to the findings of Larkin, Anisette, & Morgan (1990), those who follow utilitarian are no different from those who do not follow utilitarian.

Heredity Versus Environment Essay

A major debate within psychology is whether it is char ph one and only(a) numberer or raising which influences citizenry the expression people act and behave, cognitive development, and what we look for in a partner are just some persuasions of the debate. Nature supporters, or Naturists, gestate that our behaviour is down to genetics and is inherited from our parents. They count that everything about a soul is decided at the moment on conception. Whereas nurture supporters gestate that people learn their behaviour from the environment, their upbringings and the surrounding influences such as friends, peers and work colleagues. There is lots of explore, studies and evidence to support both arguments on a variety of subjects.The nature argument is often utilize in court cases to describe uncharacteristic or deviant behaviour. Humans are often related to as animals as this is believed that people evolved from, Charles Darwin is a leading figure in this side of the argument. He pioneered his theory of evolution, and it is widely accepted that humans did derive from a common beginning, in that locationfrom do have instinctive behaviour, and traits about their personality (Allaboutscience, 2014). A real brio example of this would be a baby, who is unable to communicate, and has little intellectual of the world however still show signs of fear if they were to hear a loud noise.Nurture supporters believe that a persons upbringing is a major factor which influences people in later life. A real life example of this would be serial killers, when studied, they were often subject to horrific tread as a baby bird and they blame this for their inabilities to conform to societys norms and commit dreadful crimes. This is supported by a psychological study Bowlbys 22 juvenile thieve study people commit crimes due to what kind of upbringing they received. The lack of a secure attachment with their primary business concern giver (McCloud, 2007).The term sex acti vity refers to whether a person socially and culturally classthemselves as male or female, and which role they choose to live their life by in society. Rather than the term sex which is whats chosen biologically by genetics whilst in the womb (Who, 2014).Psychologists look at sexual activity difference within the nature/nurture debate to see if genetics or environment factors play a part in what makes genders behaviour and act assortedly. There are stereotypical gender roles in society examples of which are that females are seen as maternal caring and loving people whereas males are seen as aggressive, dominate, and the breadwinners. Scientists know that there are biologically difference in the midst of genders such as hormones, and chromosomes, these are scientifically proven. Also they have been shown to majorly impact a persons behaviour, for example the male hormone tallyosterone is contributor to aggressive behaviour and is the reason behind why males have to a greater ext ent muscle mass sustenance the nature perspective.Whereas nurture supporters believe that gender differences come from the environment, for example, children are dressed in colours which are stereotypical for their sex blue for a male child and pink for a girl. This is further supported by the self-fulfilling prophecy that if a person is told that they are something (male or female in this case) they will eventually believe this which will affect their behaviour. Interactionism is a term used to describe genetic gender differences which are influence or modified by the environment.Mary Mead conducted an try out supporting the nurture argument of gender differences in 1935, where she studied three different tribes Arapesh, Mundugumor, and Tchambuli. The arapesh were non aggressive, with a caring attitude towards children. The Mundungumor were aggressive and cold towards children. The Tchambuli was the tribe were the males were slavish and passive. The results were that Mead found a slight pattern in male and female behaviour a transit different cultures however there were a lot more differences. Supporting the nurture argument as in Meads study devil tribes showed role reversal in one tribe the males were dominate and aggressive, whereas in another the females were, and the males were submissive. Also females being cold and uncaring towards children this showed psychologists that it cant be instinctive or genetic that women must have maternaltendencies. This therefore shows interactionism in western society. A criticism of this study is that all three tribes where in close proximity therefore are the attempt could be express to be culturally similar (Benson, 2005).Buss et al in 1990 conducted a study which found that males are more aggressive than females regardless of culture. They found cross cultural similarities between the genders these were in how people look for a perspective reproductive partner. Buss et al found that men preferred youth and att ractive force whereas women looked for wealth and status. This study supports the nature debate as Buss et al studied a wide and varied sample of people, and some people believe that these results can still be seen today in the western world.Another psychologist credited for his work in regards to this debate is Bronislaw Malinowski he carried out a research project in north-western Melanesia in 1929. Malinowski like Mead studied tribes however he looked at their sexual behaviour and concluded that sexual behaviour dominates every aspect of life regardless of culture, which further supports the nature debate.As with all studies, there are things which may affect the results of the research. With studying tribes there could of been a communication barrier, between the researcher and the participating tribes which would effect the results. The gender of the psychologist performing the study could influence the results as they could be said to be bias as they may favor there own gende r. Also the presence of a researcher in a persons everyday life may alter the way that person behaves and acts around them.To conclude, there are lots of gender differences, some appear similar across the world whereas others appear to be culturally connected. In relation to the nature/nurture debate, there are arguments and studies to support both sides, and will always be a conflicting argument throughout psychology.critically evaluate some evidence which offers support for the role ofnature in the heredity-environment debate on intelligenceOne disagreement people have in the topic of heredity versus environment is about the subject of intelligence are people born an levelheaded person or is this acquired over time, when information is acquire and absorbed into a person brain. erudition is defined as a manifestation of a high metal capacity (Dictionary, 2014). A commonly used test to assess a persons intelligence is a series of questions called an IQ test the higher the IQ score the more intelligent a person is believed to be. Francis Galton in 1869 studied the subject of intelligence and since then lots of psychologists have been interested in the debate and there have been umpteen studies conducted (Malim & Birch, 1998).In support of the nature debate, there have been a lot of experiments conducted on siblings, including duplicate studies, and cousins. Twins can be categorised into two groups monozygotic (MZ), and dizygotic (DZ). Monozygotic fit are identical and share the homogeneous genetic information as they were produced from one egg, whereas dizygotic meets are produced from two separate ova and have the same genetic information as two children with the same parents (Malim & Birch, 1998). As with all studies in this debate, these have been heavily criticised by supporters of the fence arguments, this assignment will evaluate some of these. The main criticism of the majority of IQ studies is that all the participants are children or adolescent s.Newman et al in 1937 embarked on a ten year research project studying 100 pairs of twins, 19 of which were adopted MZ twins 7 males and 9 females. These adopted twins had experienced different upbringings so Newman wanted to see how this affected their intelligence (Twin Studies, 2014). The results were that the IQ of monozygotic twins was higher than that of the dizygotic twins which Newman studied. They alike showed that the IQ of twins reared in concert was higher that if the twins had been separated after birth. except a major criticism of this study is that Newman enrolled the twinsthat he studied on similarities to ensure that the twins he studied were MZ, as at the time the technology wasnt available to scientifically prove whether the twins were identical or not.Also the sample of twins which Newman et al studied has been said to be biased, due to the expense of conducting the experiment Newman had to pay for the sample to travel and stay in lodgings in Chicago. The resu lts could then be flawed as twins may have acted in a certain way to be chosen for the study in order to go on an all-expenses paid holiday during a time of great depression across America. It has also been proven that a pair of twins from Newmans sample group were raised in the same town and even attended the same school (Benson, 2005).A more recent twin study was conducted by James Shields in 1962 Shields took a sample of 44 pairs of identical twins who had been brought up apart from each other. Shields enlisted these twins by a television advertisement and wanted to find out the correlation between their IQ results. The findings were that the correlation of identical twins reared apart was higher than the non-identical twins reared in concert who Shields also studied. This study is often criticised due to the method the participants were enrolled onto the study twins were put forward to the study as they looked alike, they may not have of necessity of been proven to be monozygot ic or identical. Another flaw is that although Shields claims that the twins were brought up separately, they were often raised by members of the same family, lived locally, and went to the same schools. It is reported that one pair of twins, lived next door to each other. Despite the flaws this study is often seen as one of the strongest twin studies in psychology in relation to IQ again supporting nature (Firth, 2009).Other than twin studies, some psychologist studied intelligence and how it correlates with differently between different ethnic groups and passs in society.Arthur Jensen was one of these, in 1969 he analysed the differences in IQ results between different races, and published his results, which sparked outrage across america. Jensens devised an intelligence test for children, and his pupils to sit the test from the school which he was a professor at.The test comprised of two parts level one abilities or associative learning and level two abilities or conceptual lear ning. The results were that the white american students performed better at the task two abilities than students of other races (Telegraph, 2013). Jensen concluded that intelligence was 80% inherited, as he believed this from his results that a childs ancestry was the reason that some children scored poorly on the test. This leading to him to believing that intelligence is a factor of genetics and is passed on through generations. However there is an opposing argument, that this study also supports the nurture debate, as it shows how different cultures are effected differently. For example, the caucasian children would of come from a higher social class than the ethnic minorities therefore it was the environment and peers which affected their mental ability.The ethical issues involved with this study are evident as Jensen incited racism by publishing these figures. This could of also led to violence, and sparked hatred within the community and across american. Also some students cou ld of been favoured over others, as they would be seen as clever, therefore received priority treatment, as proven in Rosenthal & Jacobsons study in 1968. Jensen completed his test in 1960s america, which was a hostile time, in particular within regards to race segregation, with the speech and assassination of Matin Luther King.Hans Eysenck was a German psychologist who is also credited for his work in relation to intelligence and race (Cherry, 2014). He wrote a book called The IQ argument race, intelligence and education, based on these studies and summarised the results. This book claims that 80% of variability is inborn (Benson, 2005). Hans was also criticised as his views also focused on the differences between IQ results of blacks and whites, rather than treating people as equally as individuals. Eysenck believed it to be fact that white people had a higher IQ and set about cogent the world. Some people didnt agree with his views which involved him being attacked on numerous o ccasions and becoming a hated public figure.In conclusion, there are a lot of studies in psychology in regards to thenature/nurture debate, on a whole array of topics. Intelligence is only one of these. Criticisms are prevalent throughout all these studies as it is a debate which people just can not agree on, and everyone has their own opinion.Reference arguingAllaboutscience, 2014, Darwins Theory Of Evolution (Online) accessible at http//www.darwins-theory-of-evolution.com Last Accessed 24-04-2014Benson, N, 2005, Introducing Psychology, Totem BooksUSABirch, Malim, A & T, 1998, Introductory Psychology, Macmillan PressHampshireCherry, 2014, Hans Eysenck Biography (Online) accessible at http//psychology.about.com/od/profilesal/p/hans-eysenck.htm Last Accessed 23-04-2014Dictionary, 2014, Intelligence Define Intelligence at Dictionary.com (Online) Available at http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/intelligence Last Accessed 07-04-2014Firth, J, 2009, Shields (1962) (Online) Available at http//mindsandmodels.blogspot.co.uk/2009/03/shields-1962.html Last Accessed 24-04-2014Joesph, J, 2008 Separated Twins and the Genetics of Personality Differences A Critique, (Online) Available at http//jayjoseph.net/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/AJP_MISTRA_PDF.157214425.pdf Last Accessed 12-.4-2014McCloud, S, 2007, John Bowlby Maternal Deprivation Theory Simply Psychology (Online) Available at http//www.simplypsychology.org/bowlby.html Last Accessed 24-04-2014McCloud, S, 2007, Nature / Nurture in Psychology, (Online) Available at http//www.simplypsychology.org/naturevsnurture.html Last Accessed 07-04-2014Telegraph, 2013, Arthur Jensen (Online) Available at http//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9774459/Arthur-Jensen.html Last Accessed 23-04-2014Twin Studies, 2014, Twin Studies, (Online) Available at http//genepi.qimr.edu.au/staff/davidD/asthma11.html Last Accessed 08-04-2014Who, 2014, WHO What do we mean by sex and gender? (Online) Available at http//www.who.int/gender/what isgender/en/ Last Accessed 24-04-2014

Media and Politics Essay

We only agree that a well-informed popular leads to a frequently open, just and civic-minded society. Yet today it seems every major and pincer discussion network has a Sunday talk show or weekly roundtable dedicated to educating the Ameri roll in the hay overt about political relation. In addition, with the emersion of the Internet, thousands of Web sites exist with information on politics and government. The irony is that while the quantity of places we set up go for political information continues to increase, the prime(prenominal) of that information has not. young voter turnout shows an American public with a general apathy toward government and the political process. If we continue to focus on innuendo instead of insight, we scupper to create fifty-fifty more public apathy. For everything a quick sound bite delivers in sharpness, it often loses the same in substance when the message reaches the public. slice it may be easy to fault the media for the lack of public confidence in Americas political system, policymakers argon also partly to blame. Because increase political supportership has led to an adversarial relationship between policymakers, it has created a disconnect with the media who cover them. It is only natural for the media to present the news in this crossfire approach when that is altogether it hears from politicians on a daily basis. Thus, instead of creating a well-informed society, policymakers, and the media can inadvertently work together to give the placeance that complicated issues are black or white, with no in-between. We solely know this is not true.For television, and the American media generally, the election of 2000 exit be the first real taste of things to come, the beginning of the end of an era if not the end itself. Whispers of the information revolution could be heard in 1994, mostly in the accents of the Right, but in 2000, the Internets campaign presence go out be sounded in shouts and with cymbals.Campa igning via Websites and the use of e-mail, already routine, will edge toward dominance. In addition, a significant fraction of the public will be acquire its politics from the Internet the pew Research Center found that in 1995, only 4 percent of adults went on-line for news at least(prenominal) erst a week by 1998, the figure had reached 20 percent, and rising. Today, however, television, which displaced the press and radio (and movies, for that matter), is itself substantially cosmos shouldered aside. It is not even surprising that, according to the Pew Research Center, while 60 percent of adults regularly watched TV news in 1993, that figure dropped to 38 percent in 1998. Like the press and the likes of radio, television will retain much of its power its quality of its influence may even rise what is certain, however, is that it will have to change.If we are lucky, that change will help Americans reclaim some of democracys old charm. Our communities have been weakened or sha ttered by the market, mobility, and technology, and the centralization of the media and of party politics has interpreted much of the spirit out of our politics, emphasizing mass and hierarchy, and direct citizens to seek dignity in a private life that seems increasingly confined. Our politics, like our society, is more and more divided into two tiers. The elite levels, especially around the national capital and the media centers, are dense with organized groups and with information about the subtleties of policy and politicsThe great mass of Americans, by contrast, are socially distant from power, baffled by its intricacies, anxious about change, and inundated by the welter of information being made available to them. The links that connect citizens to government are thin, mostly top-down, and dominated by money the parties are increasingly centralized bureaucracies, and participation is keen to take the form of donating money in response to direct appeals, voicelessly, without any say in group leadership or policy. As for the dominant news media, they are not seen as a stratum between citizens and centers of power, but as part of the powerhouse, an element of the elite or in its service.The great majority of Americans know that they estimate on the mediathe media decide what perspicacitys to attend to and in what ways. Viewers, lacking a voice, can assert their discontents only by changing channels or by turning off the set, and in relation to politics, tuning out has become startlingly common, a silent protest against indignity. It doesnot help that, anxious(predicate) to cultivate and hold a mass audience, the news media tend to dumb down their political insurance coverage, as indicated by the ever-shrinking sound bite afforded to candidates and leaders. It is probably even worse that the media also pander, playing to our worst impulses. Early and consistently, polls showed that most Americans were convinced that coverage of the Lewinsky affair was doing damage to our institutions, telling pollsters that they wanted it to receive much less attention from the media. However, media leaders knew, of course, that despite this public-regarding judgment, very few Americans, as private mortals, would be able to resist getting caught up in the bum salacity of the thing.As a result, we got coverage in agonizing detail Russell Baker called it disgusting, an indication that the media market is dominated by edge, attitude, and smut. Moreover, it encouraged millions of Americans to view the media, for all their power, as worthy of contempt. Political societies can be symbolized but not seen, and the most important political controversies turn on linguistic communicationlike justice, compare or libertyand hence on public speech. A picture makes a strong impression, but one that tends to be superficial. Many see who you appear to be, Machiavelli advised the prince, but not numerous will recognize who you are.And often, visual coverage o f politics is banal or beside the point. In the internet, a unsloped many observers discerned a trend toward a more decentralized communication and politics, more interactive and hence friendlier to democratic citizenship. However, the Internet, at least so far, is not leading us to the public square. It does enable minorities to find like-minded people, to avoid the sense of being alone, and sometimes this gives strength and assurance to our better angels, although at least as often it gives scope to the dark side. In general, however, the Internet creates groups that lack what Tocqueville called the power of meeting, the face-to-face communication that makes claims on our senses, bodies as well as minds. Over the onetime(prenominal) five decades, the American electorate has come to depend more and more on the news media for learning about political candidates and making voting decisions. The growth of all forms of media and the rise of objectivity in the press has made voters mo re dependent on the news media for campaign information. Today, about seven in 10 voters depend mainly on the news media for information to make choices when they retch their ballot. Voters dependence on the news increases the importance of the role that the news media play in American elections. But what do American voters want from election news coverage? And how do voters evaluate the news medias coverage of presidential elections? In a word, lukewarm describes the general feeling of voters about the performance of the news media in covering presidential campaigns, according to national scientific surveys of the American electorate conducted from February through November 1996, as well as a more recent survey, conducted in October 1999, on the current campaign.The surveys were conducted by the Center for Survey Research and Analysis (CSRA) at the University ofConnecticut. livelihood for the 1996 surveys was provided by The Freedom Forum. Why the tepid feelings? American voters are quite consistent in what they say they want from election newsand they are quite clear in saying that what they want is often not what they get. The American electorate is hungry for news and information that allow it to evaluate the substance of presidential candidacies on the basis of issue positions and on the likely consequences of electing a particular candidate to office. News provided outside of these parameters, while perhaps entertaining, is viewed as nonsense in the words of our focus group participant. Two types of storiesthose that review how candidates stand on issues and those that describe how election outcomes might affect votersare clearly the kinds of stories in which voters express the highest levels of interest.The remedies suggested.enhanced coverage of issues and candidates positions, more coverage of the possible impact of election outcomes on public policy and broader coverage of thefull field of candidates, not just the front-runnerscould improve the qu ality of news and promote voter learning, which would be healthy for American democracy. At the same time, less coverage of the election as a sporting dollar bill race and less obsession with entertaining stories about candidates personal lives would, according to voters, be an improvement.In election periods, the polls highlight the role of public depression in the political process. They also illuminate the importance of public opinion measurements in the media. Fundamentally, and at their best, media polls are a way for public opinion to be accounted and perceived, thus fulfilling the eminent 19th-century British visitor James Bryces conception of the American press as the chief organ of public opinion, and community weathercock. However, when employed inappropriately by overzealous reporters and analysts, polls can be used to create an exaggerated sense of precision that misleads more than it informs. canvass routinely bring the public into election campaigns. In an otherwis e fragmented and even alienated society, poll reports may be the only means individual members of the public have in situating themselves in the greater society. News reports of poll results tell individuals that they are part of a majority or a minority on various issues.In campaigns with more than two candidates, especially early in the primary season, information about relativecandidate standing gives voters the information to help them cast a vote that is strategically advantageous. But most importantly, polls take that strategic information about candidate performance away from politicians control and places it in the hands of the public. News organizations no longer are forced to rely on the instincts of party leadersor on carefully orchestrated leaks from partisan pollsters for data. Because they are numbers, poll results sometimes create the appearance of a false precision in reporting of candidate support or presidential approval. In fact, some polling organizations flaunt this alleged precision by displaying results to a 10th of a percentage point. Of course, the error due simply to the sampling design is unremarkably at least 30 times greater than the specificity presented. Moreover, in that respect are growing concerns about the ability of survey researchers to reach the majority of households selected in their sample. somewhat respondents refuse to be interviewed.Others have become ever more difficult to reach during the short news survey-interviewing period that must be sandwiched between public founts. This perception of precision and accuracy leads journalists into making blunders, including attempting to find deep meaning when there probably isnt any. Newspaper and television reporters often try to property a three-point difference in the margin between two candidates to some campaign action. Either the slipping candidate has made a mistake, or there has been a successful strategic decision that has brought supporters to the rising candi date. Sometimes small movements in the percentages of subgroups that form only a part of the total sample are given the same explanatory treatment. Those differences, however, are more likely to be caused by sampling error than by campaign events.In mid-October, a magnanimous presidential candidate addressed his largest audience. Hundreds of thousands of voters heard his messagebut they never got the news that his message contained some distortions, omissions, and half-truths. Those significant matters were either ignored or hide in coverage by the leading news media. Why? It was not because of bias. It was because the candidates message was delivered not at a campaign event but in campaign television ads. And when candidates communicate via ads on the tubeinstead of on the stump, journalists act as if we are stumped about our role and responsibility. Journalists at most major and medium-sized newspapers are proud that they are now at least covering political advertisements at all . They report on them in small-boxed features called Ad Watch or something of the sort. But they havent figured out that they are still being manipulated by the ad-makers. The Ad Watch reports carry the likeness of the 30-second ad, followed by a small section in which a reporter subjectively interprets the ad-makers strategy.Thenin the most valuable sectionthe reports in short focus on the factual accuracy of the ads claims. Newspapers display these Ad Watch boxes on inside pages, back with the snow tire and attach ads. Think about it from a journalists viewpoint when a candidate distorts his record in a huge rally speech, a good reporter fact checks the claims. The resulting news story will surely focus in part on the candidates omissions and distortions that present a contrasting and more accurate picture of his record.And that may well be a page one story. Now think about it from the political strategists viewpoint Democratic and Republican strategists expect print journalist s will check ads for accuracy but then downplay the results. So, being skilled manipulators, they are impulsive to take a light hit in a box that is buried back with the truss ads and will run just once if they can pour their unfiltered, exaggerated and distorted message into living rooms where it may be seen by millions, not just once but perhaps 10 times in a campaign.There is one mistake that all journalists make whether we are covering politics at the White House, state house, or courthouse. Every time we report on money and politics, we fail to tell people the real story about how the system really works because we are using the wrong words to describe what is happening right before our eyes, every day. So no wonder people just shrug when we report that a special interest contributed $100,000 to Democrats or Republicans. Because, this special interest really did not contribute this money (which my dictionary explains means that it was given as though to a charity). What the sp ecial interest representative really did was raiment $100,000 in the Democrats or Republicans. Big business people (see also big labor, trial lawyers, et al) invest in politics for the same reason that they invest in anythingto trace a profitable return on their investment. Use the right word and absolutelyeverybody understands what is really going on. They will especially understand when we regularly report that the largest agribusiness investments in Senate and House races routinely go to the top agriculture commissioning members, and largest energy special interest investments go to the top energy committee members, and so on.Use the right word and suddenly our next task as journalists becomes clearand clearly difficult we need to do a better job of discovering the campaign investors motives. We need to ask, Just what profitable return did the investor expect to reap for that campaign investment? A tax subsidy? A regulation waived? A loophole that is difficult for a squinting journalist to see with a sore eye? Whatever the return, this much is clear the money ultimately comes out of the U.S. Treasury. Clearly, our present system, which we like to say is based on private financing of campaigns, can also be viewed as a form of backdoor public fundingwhere the taxpayers pay the final tab, no doubt many times over. We journalists have thus far to find a way to calculate how many billions of tax dollars it now costs us to finance election campaigns through the back door. At least we can begin using a vocabulary that will finally tell it like it is.

The Rule Breakers of Yore

William Shakespe atomic number 18 and Mary Shelley are cardinal prolific writers during their own time. Shakespeare was known for his countless plays like Othello, which tackled a variety of subjects, some touch delicate moral, social, and political issues (Miller n. p). On the other hand, Mary Shelley, a young woman who ran off with the young poet Percy Shelley was the author of a famous horror fig handst called Frankenstein (Hamberg n. p). Both of these writers wrote stories of what may be considered as rule breakers of their time.Since Othello is a play by nature, there were only a few qualitys that are narrated. The main character Othello was an innocent victim of crude lies made by Iago, the envious villain. Most of the events that took place in the fable were the effect of the twisted visualize of Iago. People like Cassio, and Roderigo were manipulated according to Iagos whim resulting to a tragic ending (Shakespeare and Sanders). This Shakespearean narrative proved to b e a rule breaker indeed as all the elements therein point. The main character, Othello, was a berth in Venice, the countrys center of Christianity.Instead of putting a Christian at the point from which events should revolve, Shakespeare used a moor to represent how much hypocrisy that a Christian is capable of. This was of great importance because during the period when Shakespeare wrote the play, Christianity was stagnant and throng were calling out for re patterns (Muhlberger n. p) In the play, though the Christian characters were supposed to be portrayed as righteous and covetous, there were depicted as lying men who tried to get what they wanted at the expense of others.They were selfish and greedy, and were even willing to take another persons life. This was a critical part of the play as it portrayed the citys religion as one having anomalies and hidden controversies (Muhlberger). Another point that shows the defiance of this play was that a moor was not a very common site i n Europe in reality during those days. But in the play, the moor was even a servant to the duke of Venice. He was even more affluent as compared to the other Italian characters (Cummings n. p).On the other hand, Mary Shelleys Frankenstein also proved to rival the deviance of Shakespeares play. It was a story about a man, Victor Frankenstein, who created a hideous creature out of spare human parts from slaughtered houses and dissecting clinics. As did the Othello play of Shakespeare, Shelleys story ended tragically with the main character and the subject of his torment dead (Hamberg n. p). The story strayed in deviance from the norms as it used a story where a man tried to play God by creating a man from chunks of flesh and parts sewn together.Using electricity, he was said to have surd life into it. This was a form of disrespect because during that time, death was considered as a sacred event. Whether of Anglican or Protestant religion, people exerted all possible efforts to alle ge a grand funeral for their dead. The dead were lavishly dressed, placed in elegant coffins and buried in cemeteries with the most beautiful tombstones or mausoleums (Alirangues n. p).Shelley was brave to have characterized a being out of stolen parts of the dead in a time when the dead seemed more important than those who were living. However, this was not yet the most defiant exertion of her story as also during those times, in reality, Science and religion had such harmony that in creating a being through science was a form of sacrilege that may utterly destroy the harmony of the two subjects. This has almost been the case of Shakespeares Othello (Fyfe n. ).Given such, it may be concluded that the works by two of the most famous authors in history are indeed rule breakers in their own right, and in their own time. Whether they have created the narratives for the purposes of satire or to show the people harsh realities, they have successfully weaved literature treasures that are remembered not only because they were masterfully done, but because they have dared to break away from the norms in the subtlest yet very striking way.

Ready to Eat Food

NEW ERA OF Indian define TO EAT FOOD (RETORT FOOD Having shelf sustenance up to 18 months) Sanjeev Bhanga BRIEF India has make lot of progress in agriculture & f ar sectors since independence in terms of growth in output, yields and puzzle outing. It has gone through a green revolution, a white revolution, a yellow revolution and a blue revolution. Today, India is the largest producer of milk, fruits, cashew nuts, coconuts and tea in the world, the second largest producer of wheat, vegetables, sugar and fish and the third largest producer of tobacco and rice.Now the time is to provide better provender processing & its marketing floor for Indian industries to serve good quality & safest affect food like ready to eat food. It is fountain a new window in world scenario as far as taste & bankers acceptance is concerned. Therefore, Indian Government is providing more infrastructure for this sector. Excise duty is now ZERO % on RTE and blow % tax deduction for the first 10 yea rs for new units. This allows manufactures to bring down their prices & spreads its flavors to the world.The replication processed foods do not require rehydration or cookery and can be consumed straight from the sac with or without pre-warming, depending upon the requirement of the users and the weather conditions. These foods meet the specific needs of convenience, nutritional adequacy, shelf stability, storage, distribution to the centers and have bring to pass very popular after the Year 2002. Some of the mouth-watering dishfules in retort pouches include sooji halwa, upma, yellow(a) curry, mouton curry, fish curry, chicken madras, chicken kurma, rajma masala, palak paneer, dal makhnil, mutter paneer, potato-peas, mutter mush elbow room, vegetable ulav chicken pulav, and mutton pulav, etc. The pioneer introduction of retorting technology has made the sale of Ready-to-Eat food products commercially viable with not bad(p) taste. CONCEPT Ready to Eat Meals like already cooke d or prep atomic number 18d lunch & dinner argon relatively new products which came in market only a few years back and are now sold through retail general stores in especially made sealed aluminum laminates. The retorting or sterilization process en trustworthys the stability of the Ready-to-Eat foods in retort pouches, on the shelf and at room temperature.The application of sterilization technology completely destroys all potentially harmful small-organisms, thereby making sure that the food product has a very long shelf life of over 12 months and compulsory no refrigeration. When customer needs to eat, the food item pouch is either put in microwave oven to warm it or keep in heated water for a few minutes and consequently serve to eat. Such ready to eat meals have been especially given to soldiers in army of galore(postnominal) countries who require carrying their rations maculation on war front or while located far remote from their main unit. The advertisements like, Hungry Kyaa are adding zest to the market by popularizing such food items which are fix and free from any preservative, and yet have a long shelf life of over 12-months. These food items are usually selling in pouches, well packed in cardboard printed boxes of small countersign size and carry about 300 grams of cooked food at a price of about Rs. 40 to 200 in foreign market depending upon the type of dish packed. One packet of vegetable dish is normally sufficient for one meal for three persons and therefore falls in economic regularize of consumers preferences.WHY READY TO EAT FOOD Globalization of Indian food and its culture are the core factors for popularization of ready to eat foods. Main motivation for these ready to eat foods is fast emergence foreign market. Retail outlet culture is now growing rapidly in India. Shelf life of these foods are at least 12-18 months. Quality, Taste and Flavor of these foods remains as good as saucily up to the expiry date. Women wanting t o spend more time out of the kitchen. More working bachelors staying away(p) from homes.Cost effective in comparison to the Indian cuisine served by the restaurants in foreign countries. TYPES OF READY TO EAT FOOD Veg Food Alloo Matar Palak paneer Sarso Ka Saag Chana Masala Kadi Pakora Cheese Tomato Dal Makhani Rajma Masala Non Veg Food Chicken Curry cover Chicken Karahi Chicken Mughalai Chicken Mutton Masala Mutton Korma Karahi Mutton Mutton Biryani Deserts Gajar Ka Haluaa / Sugi Ka Haluaa / take out Kheer PLAYERS IN READY TO EAT FOOD MTR Kohinoor Foods ITC Haldiram Tasty Bites RETORT & ITS PACKAGINGThe water RETORT is an equipment or vessel or sterilization module through which steam clean (at 130 degree centigrade for 25 minutes) is utilise on food products packed in retort pouches. The retorts use water or steam/ mental strain combination as processing medium to heat the container/packages. Compressed air or additional steam is introduced during the processing cycle to prov ide the overpressure (any pressure supplied to the retort in excess of that which can be normally achieved under steam at any given retort temperature). Overpressure is primary(prenominal) in preventing package harm or loss of seal integrity (like bursting), during the heating process.Retort pouches is a flexible packaging secular that basically consist of laminates or bounded layers of different packaging films of Polyster-Nylon-Aluminium-polypropylene that can withstand high process temperature & pressure. Their most important feature is that they are made of heatresistant plastics unlike the usual flexible pouches. This makes the retort pouches uncommon which are suitable for the processing of food contents at temperatures around 120 degrees Celsius. That is the gracious of ambient temperature prevalent in the thermal sterilization of foods.There is slighter time to spend in cooking food themselves and so ready to eat foods are preferred. To get the food of different cultur es, taste etc, it is important that food has good shelf life so that it can be made available at far off places too and then can be conveniently consumed also. ADVANTAGES OF RETORT PACKAGING hammock laminates permits less chance to overcook during the retorting thus products having better color, texture & less nutrients loss. It requires less energy for sterilization. It requires less disposal & storage space. Low oxygen & moisture permeability. Shelf stable for longer time & requires no refrigeration. Sun light barrier, light weight, easy to open. MARKET & ITS GROWTH The popularity of ready to eat packed food now is no longer marks a special occasion. Peoples want value for time, money in terms of quality and variety. The food processing industry is one of the largest industries in India and it is the ranked fifth in terms of Production, Consumption, Export & Expected growth. Processed food market in India accounts for 32% that is Rs. 1280 zillion or 29. 4 billion US $ in a total estimated market of Rs. 990 billion or 91. 66 US $. Euromonitor International, a market research company says that amount of money Indian spend on ready to eat snacks & food is 5 billion US $ in a year while on abroad Indian or Indian subcontinents spend 30 billion US $ in a year. Ready to eat packaged food industry is over Rs. 4000 crore or 1 billion US $ and it is growing at the rate of 20 % per annum. Ready to eat food market is growth specifically in UK, USA, Canada, Gulf & South Asian Countries with the growth rate of over 150 % per annum. frequently ASKED QUESTIONS What is retort packaging? Retort packaging is a self stable flexible package What is the shelf life of retort food? The shelf life of a retort package is a year plus. What are the shipping advantages? A retort package will not break or snick and weigh less. Where do you display the package in the retail store? You can display at room temperature at any corner of the retail store What are some of the main reasons, a packager of consumer products would like to go from a conventional package material to a flexible retort pouch? The package provides a flat surface for artwork and text, needs no refrigeration and is microwave compatible.Whats the residuum between foil and non-foil retort structures? Non-foil retort packaging can be put in the micro wave. What about taste of products in a retort package? People say that products packaged with retort material taste fresher and maintain a more natural flavor. What about shelf assemblage? Retort pouches are more space efficient and provide a larger surface for graphics and text. What kind of food products can be packed in retort packaging ? All kind of veg & Non- veg food products Email emailprotected com

Person Who Changed My Life

We all have people who have interpolated our lives. People can change your life in a positive or negative way. My grandmother Esther changed my life in a positive way. My grandmother basically raised me. She changed my life and I am glad she did. My grandmother was a very hardworking woman. She valued education even though she never received an education during her childhood. It real touched me the way she would try to help me and give me advice. This made me work extremely hard in school.My grandmother taught me how important it is to tolerate people and certain situations. She told me showing people respect will regain you a long way in life, as well as seeking help in hard times and facing problems instead of running away from them. Because of this, I try to see the corking in people and over look the bad. When I have a problem I suppose of ways to solve it. When I cannot find a solution I ask for help forward things get worse. She was very humble and kind.She did not let pe ople take her kindness for weakness. She did not attend helping people. When you are wrong you have to swallow your pride and say your sorry. That is one thing she evermore did and taught me. The word love is used to often these for small things that do not matter. Few people take what love really is. It is not trait we are born with like the color of our eyes. We have to find out to love ourselves and others. If you love some one you show it through actions and help them change if they need to.

Community Book Festival Essay

According to the get together States Census Bureau (2013), promote, New York, has an estimated population of 2. 2 million quite a little living in this suppuration region. With a large population like this, it would be an ideal place to promote edition by resulting a watchword festival for the community. Not notwithstanding testament the adjudge festival promote adaptation among all age groups, but also, it will address the economic changes in the community in an attack to foreclose threatened libraries of Queens open. bindinging a non-profit handwriting festival is very difficult because in order to conduct a self-made event, participation from the community is essential.For a successful event, community members essential campaign together in the festival to promote reading and raise awareness of economic changes, and the backup for this function must come from donations, sponsors, and fundraising events. From time to time people wonder why reading is pregnant. Since reading is the fundamental skill to function in society, it is important for various reasons. For example, reading is essential to understand operating instructions on a medicine bottle, to complete a job application, to read warning signs on the road, or even follow directions on a map (June, S.n. d).These are all everyday tasks that individuals conduct that gather up literacy. Understanding written material is one way the mind grows and expands the ability of comprehension and vocabulary. In addition, it is imperative mood that individuals learn, develop, and practice their reading skills, because it ultimately assists them to developing their language skills. (June, S. n. d) Through reading, individuals discover new information and concepts. For example, playscripts, magazines, periodicals, and the internet material are unlimited learning tools that require the ability to read.Since daily activities for adults and children are different, the considerableness of readi ng also varies. discipline is essential for gondolarying out many tasks as an adult. For example, without literacy, adults cannot operate a vehicle, understand to vote, or even become hired for a job. Since reading is a vital skill to occupy, illiteracy will hold back any adult in a number of opportunities. According to phosphate buffer solution Newshour (2013), Queens, New York holds the highest percentage of adult illiteracy in all New York counties at 45. 6%.It is important for the book festival to emphasize reading among these adults because it can open many doors for this high percentage of analphabetic adults. In addition, it is important for adults to know how to read so they can go forth their children with the fundamentals at a young age. full-grown literacy is also important for child development. If parents are illiterate, they are not able to provide their children with the necessary tools to begin reading. For children, the importance of reading begins at a very early age and it is the expression blocks of life ( clock time with your kids reading to children, 2013).The much young children are read to, the considerableer their interest is in know reading. Reading aloud exposes children to proper grammar and phrasing. It enhances the development of their spoken language skills, their ability to express themselves verbally (Freedman-De Vito, 2004). Reading to young children would teach them to develop listening skills as well as develop their imagination in a creative way (Rasinski & Stevenson, 2005). champion great cause to do when reading to children is to stop in the middle of the story and ask them what is going to happen next.Get them involved in the story for them to work out about possible endings to the story. Encourage them to illustrate, draw, and set out up an different story with the same characters. This kind of exercise would get their creative thinking flowing for children (Rasinski & Stevenson, 2005). The book festiva l will give children a great opportunity to become involved in reading and dish them with the skills they engage to succeed in the future. The book festival is essential to the community because of recent economic changes in the Queens nation.The Queens Library serves 2. 3 million people from 62 locations plus seven Adult Learning Centers and two Family Literacy Centers. It circulates among the highest numbers of books and other subroutine library materials in the country (Queens Library, 2013). With government officials adjusting ways to better the economy, Queens Library is directly affected. Since figure cutting outs are a way to reduce debt in the economy, a proposal by the City Council was to cut back on the employment and hours of operation for the Queens Library.Colangelo (2010) addressed that there whitethorn be a shutdown of 14 libraries, and 34 libraries would simply be open 2-3 days a week in an effort to save 17 million dollars as directed by mayor Michael Bloom berg. This affects the community as a whole because it will also cut back on the resources and programs that are available to the open that promote reading. From this book festival, as we promote reading, we can also encourage the community to fight for the libraries to cheque open so children, as well as adults, can have a place to nettle books and material necessary to succeed in their nurture.Libraries and learning centers offer many different resources for students to further their education and net income success in their academics. With approval of the cypher cuts, students will have less access to books they need in order to help them scratch useful information for assignments they have to complete. Libraries offer a huge range of informational textbooks and encyclopedias that individuals can use to research topics and retrieve material. Without having access to this material from books, it limits individuals to browse the internet to find information.However, many pe ople do not have everyday access to the internet. Libraries are a pricy resource to use for people that fall into this category because they can gain access to the internet from the librarys computers in order to conduct research. If implementation of the figure cuts occurs, this will leave the community with a lot no assisting resources if they do not have these tools readily available for them in their own homes. Not only do libraries help students with their studies, but they also conduct beneficial workshops for the community.Libraries and learning centers have a wide range of programs and events geared toward assisting the community and furthering education. For example, Queens Library offers adult and youth literacy programs, special needs assist programs, and veteran workshops at designated branches. Some 707,000 people attended much than 37,500 free programs in FY 12 (Queens Library, 2013). With these budget cuts coming into play, some of these programs will no longer be available to the public. This statistic emphasizes how much the community relies on Queens Library each year.Furthermore, libraries also offer workshops that promote personal development. In addition to the programs, Queens Library periodically holds mock interview events and resume writing for individuals looking for jobs in the community. With approval of the budget cuts, the community greatly suffers from the downsizing of all of these resources offered by the libraries and learning centers. The community will begin to go over these services disappear as the economy changes due to the decisions by government officials. Therefore, the whole community has to work together to promote reading and keep these resources available to the public.With this being done, as a result, the City Council will realize how much the community will be negatively affected by terminating these services to the public. Funding a nonprofit book festival can be a very challenging task. However, with he lp from the community and local businesses in the area, backing for this event can come from several different ways. One of the most beneficial ways for funding this event will come from donations from the community members. Though this book festival is a free event, upon entrance to the festival, we will ask attending members for donations to help fund and aid the event.In addition, we will contact local bookstores and compositions for donations prior to the festival in order to help make the book festival possible. For example, Barnes and Noble and Borders Bookstore are two of the largest community bookstores in the Queens area that may contribute to make the festival successful. Spencer (2010) stated that with donations, non-profit organizations are able to help fulfill others goals as well as help the less fortunate who are usually the targets for the foundations.This idea holds true for our book festival because of the economic changes in the community and the potential threa ts to the libraries in the area we can help keep these resources open to the less fortunate individuals in the community. Another way to facilitate funding for this event is to gain sponsors from local businesses and other organizations in the area. This is beneficial because it gathers more individuals to attend the event. For example, if Barnes and Noble sponsored the event, more individuals would attend because a well know corporation will be there to help facilitate the function.Not only will this benefit the book festival, but also if will gain more exposure to the sponsoring organization with a successful event. Associating with nonprofit organizations is a great public relations boost. By giving back to the community, you demonstrate you are a company with heart, not a faceless corporation (Stanfords, 2010). Aside from the sponsors, having more community members attend the festival is essential because it will help promote reading amongst a larger population. In addition, w ith more attendees there will be more chances of gaining donations from individuals.Furthermore, with more proceed that are circulated by dint of the festival, the chances of keeping the local public libraries open will be higher. Prior to the book festival, we will have a community car wash in order to raise awareness of the event. Since many people will not know of the book festival, promoting the event before it happens is essential. With help from volunteers, a community car wash will take place the weekend prior to the event. Though we do not herald receiving the majority of our funding from the fundraising events, it is alleviate crucial to conduct them so the community becomes more involved.While fundraising events may no longer be the most important component of your organizations fundraising strategy, its still a good idea to host an event for your supporters and take the opportunity to interact with your community (Wooden, 2011). With more involvement of the community, there is a higher chance of having a more successful book festival because it will immortalise the City Council how important these resources are to the community. Finally, the most active way to fund this book festival is from fundraising measures during the event itself.This is the area that the community and volunteers help the most. During the book festival, there will be food, games, and raffle off to help raise money to keep the Queens libraries open. Individuals will bring their own dishes, snacks, or baked goods to the book festival and sale them at reasonable prices. For a small fee, attendees can also introduce in fun games provided by volunteers to win small prizes to take home such as bookmarks or book covers. Lastly, there will be a raffle at the end of the book festival. severally raffle ticket will cost one dollar, and some of the prizes that are included are popular books and comics for the children. In the end, we will present the earnings from these fundraisin g activities to the City Council in hopes to keep the Queens Library systems open. Overall, funding for this event can be very difficult. However, with help from community members and volunteers this book festival will be a success. Proper funding is essential from donations, sponsors, and fundraising events to help aid and facilitate the event.In the end, a successful book festival will promote reading among the population, and raise awareness of the potential threats to the available resources in the community. With everyone working together, we hope that we can keep these libraries open by raising enough money to show that the elimination of the resources will negatively affect the city. In the end, if these libraries stay open we will begin to conduct successful book festivals every year to make sure these valued resources remain available to the public. References Colangelo, L. L. (2010, May 18).Budget cuts forces Queens Library to shutter 14 branches, cut 300 workers and reduc e hours. Retrieved from http//www. nydailynews. com/new-york/queens/budget-cuts-forces-queens-library-shutter-14-branches-cut-300-workers-reduce-hours-article-1. 446195 Freedman-De Vito, B. (2004). why Reading Is So Important For Children. Retrieved from http//www. familyresource. com/parenting/child-development/why-reading-is-so-important-for-children June, S. (n. d). Commentary Reading is the key to learning. Daily Record, (The Baltimore, MD PBS Newshour. (2013). Adult Illiteracy in New York counties.Retrieved from http//www. pbs. org/newshour/interactive/patchworknation/stats/education/adult-literacy/ny/ Queens Library. (2013). About Us. Retrieved from http//www. queenslibrary. org/about-us Rasinski, T. , & Stevenson, B. (2005). The Effects of Fast get weaving Reading A Fluency-Basedhome Involvement Reading Program. Reading Psychology, 26(2), 109-125. Spencer, M. T. (2010, July 29). Donate to Non Profit Organizations. Retrieved from http//ezinearticles. com/? Donate-to-Non-Profi t-Organizations&id=4764969 Stanfords, J. P. (2010, Feb 26). Companies Reap Benefits of Charitable Sponsorships.Retrieved from http//ezinearticles. com/? Companies-Reap-Benefits-of-Charitable-Sponsorships&id=3834293 Time with your kids reading to children. (2013, April 9). Retrieved from Building Blocks http//bblocks. samhsa. gov/family/time/reading. aspx United States Census Bureau. (2013, June). Queens County (Queens Borough), New York. Retrieved from http//quickfacts. census. gov/qfd/states/36/36081. html Wooden, G. (2011, kinsfolk 21). 10 Tips For A Successful Fundraising Event. Retrieved from http//www. socialbrite. org/2011/09/21/10-tips-for-a-successful-fundraising-event/