Original Marriage Polygamy Essay

Once referred to as the â€Å"original marriage† Polygamy is now an alternative lifestyle lived by many, but is it right? There are multiple countries around the world that believe that this is in fact an applicable way of living. The Origins of polygamy are extremely vast and are practiced all over the world. However, in the United States it is illegal, yet there are many knowing individuals who still partake in this style of living. It is reported that â€Å"there are 40,000 people living in polygamous families or communities across the Western region of the U. S† (Scharnberg &Brachear, 2006). Should these people be prosecuted? Or are we as Americans pre judging a lifestyle that we know nothing about? In this paper, I will discuss what polygamy is, the controversies surrounding polygamy in the United States, and how polygamy emerged and extended through various cultures and religions globally. In addition, I will further explain if it is still practiced, and if so, is it accepted and acknowledged by their creed. Polygamy consists of three forms; they are polygyny, polyandry, and group marriage. Polygyny is the practice of having more than one wife at the same time. This was the original name for polygamy during the ninetieth century, it later became known as polygamy. The second form is polyandry which is the act of having many husbands at more than one time. Of the three, this practice is rare; it was traditionally practiced among Tibetans in Nepal and parts of China. The final form is group marriage (also referred to as circle marriage) this is the act of multiple women and men forming a single family. All members of the marriage share parental duties of any children they may have or will be created within their circle. Many practitioners feel that they are misunderstood and misjudged and feel that a monogamous relationship is ultimately impossible to maintain and that polygamy is a culture that is honest and upfront with each other. Amy Kaufman believes that â€Å"The most prevalent objection to polygamy is that it demeans women†. (Kaufman, 2005) It is also argued to be another form of slavery where children are at risk every day because in many cases they are conditioned to embrace a life of servitude. In any event, Polygamy still exists and is practiced around the world. All though there aren’t many cases surrounding polygamy it is a severely controversial topic. In the United States it is difficult to prove that polygamy is of existence. Even though polygamy is considered a crime, Individuals are rarely charged because it is extremely difficult to encourage polygamist or ex polygamist to come forth. Many of them are scared of being barred from their community or even prosecuted for admitting that they’ve partaken in polygamy. Unfortunately, without any choices of their own, children are born in to polygamy and the mental damaged is already done. They see nothing wrong with underage marriage, pregnancy and incest. There are several controversies surrounding this topic one of which is organized under aged marriages. In the case of the State of Utah vs. Holm’s Suzie Stubbs was married to her husband Rodney H. Holm in 1986. Holms a member of the fundamentalist church of Jesus Christ of latter day saints participated in a marriage ceremony (while still married to his first wife) with 16-year old Ruth Stubbs. Ruth claimed that she was forced into marrying her sister’s husband. Suzie Stubbs was later arrested; all though she wasn’t charged for polygamy she was charged with abetting bigamy and illegal sex. One of the largest custody cases in the United States history was the Texas polygamist custody case. It initiated with a 16-year old girl repeatedly calling an abuse hotline, claiming to be beaten and forced to become a â€Å"spiritual wife† to an adult man. Acting on her calls Texas Child welfare services removed all 439 (ranging in ages from infants to teenagers, and teenage mothers) children from the Yearning for Zion Ranch. The children were placed in foster care until the state Supreme Court ruled. It was later detected that the phone calls were fake. The children were later returned to the ranch. Arguably one of the most controversial polygamy cases in the United States was Warren Jeff’s. Warren Jeff was the president of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of latter day saints (FLDS) from 2002- 2007. Separating themselves from mainstream Mormonism, the FLDS group decided to continue monogamy since Utah denounced Polygamy in 1890. They began building residential structures in El Dorado, Texas, Colorado City and Arizona. Unlike Islamic belief, In Africa women are not given the authority to decide whether they’re husbands can have multiple wives. In Africa, polygamy is used to show a man’s wealth and it is also utilized to display a man’s virility and need for sexual satisfaction. Men can also accumulate wives as a result through inheritance. In the unfortunate event of a husband’s passing his brother would take over his household which includes his wife. In instances where there are multiple wives, they would be distributed among the remaining brothers. There is a lot of resentment between the wives. With hopes to eliminate one another many of the wives performed witch craft on each other. The children are put against each other, and in some severe cases, are encouraged to kill their father with the hopes of inheriting his wealth and status. In ancient India, Polygamy was mainly among warrior’s castes and rich merchants, while the sages and seers were strictly monogamous or completely celibate. Although it was never a popular practice in ancient India, It was accepted for the procreation and continuation of family lineage. Polygamy in ancient India was considered a matter of personal choice. Several Hindu gods were often depicted as polygamous. It was noted that lord Krishna had 16,108 wives. It was tradition that the women in Hinduism never be left alone with males. Similar to African polygamy, in the event of her husband’s death she must marry her husband’s brother. The Hindu law books later made provisions on polygamy. Present day Hindus consider both polygamy and polyandry archaic and inadequate and no longer practice the belief. In conclusion, whether your views on polygamy are positive or negative, it appears to be a lifestyle that will always exist. Polygamy is a culture that is practiced globally. Initially the reasoning was solely for procreation. It has later become a religious tenet, and a matter of choice. It is arguably compared and associated with gay and lesbian marriage rights. Many polygamists feel that they are being stripped from their right to live freely. However if â€Å"living freely† involves sexual assaulting minors, and secluding their young from civilization, then maybe polygamy should stay illegal in the United States.

Elizabeth Austin Response

A Small Plea to Delete a Ubiquitous Expletive Response In this essay, Elizabeth Austin describes her feelings about the â€Å"F† word. She gives a detailed explanation on why it should not be used in the colloquial language. Austin first gives background knowledge about the â€Å"F† word and how it came to be as the word it is used now. Austin’s thesis is that the â€Å"F† word should not be used in any certain way. Austin first states that the word should be deleted from our use, but before that we must remove the people who use the word. â€Å"Let’s get rid of it.Scholars of social norms say all that’s necessary to remove offensive language from public speech is a critical mass of people willing to take up cudgels against it. † (Austin 6). There are tons of people who use the word and are not willing to get rid of it because they are so used to it. It is one of their words for colloquial language. Austin then describes how women went through different kind of words that described them. â€Å"â€Å"Produce and animals is what we were,† she recalls. â€Å"We were ‘chicks’ and ‘lambs’ and birds’ and bitches,’ and there was always the infamous ‘cherry’†Ã¢â‚¬  (Austin 6).She relates this to women because women were able to change the social norm of being called different things. Austin shows that since women can change the social norm, then society can get rid of the â€Å"F† word. Austin continues with the ways we can get rid of the language. â€Å"Police should start ticketing drivers who use the â€Å"F† word (or the correlating hand gesture)†¦The Motion Picture Association of America movie rating system should be overhauled to give an automatic NC-17 rating to any film that uses the â€Å"F† word even once. (Austin 8-9). Instead of just spreading the word, Austin thinks that we should take it into action. Actions are bigger than words. In the end, Austin concludes that we should reconsider using the word at all. â€Å"You can still use it as a punch line, if you like. You’ll just risk the freezing silence and icy glares now reserved for white people who use the â€Å"N† word in public. † (Austin 12). The reason why she says this is to make the readers feel warned or cautious about using it because it offends others around you.

Satirical Attack on the Education System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Satirical Attack on the Education System - Essay Example He writes for a newspaper with a satire style, where he criticizes the educational system for not training their students enough to have acceptable writing and research skills. The writer can be trusted because of the use of evidence and logic to present his claims, and though his appeal to logos is based on his own personal experiences as a shadow writer and may be contested, his rants and insights have been reproduced in other scholarly articles, and furthermore, Dante effectively uses the appeal to emotions by focusing on how his job impacts the future professionals and workers of the world. Using logos, Dante successfully argues his main claim that the educational system is to be primarily blamed for students depending on shadow scholars because of the emphasis on grading and not education and their inability to handle cultural differences. The reasons that he provided are based on his interactions with students, whom he categorized into three types: â€Å"the English-as-second-language student; the hopelessly deficient student; and the lazy rich kid† (Dante par. 21). He supports these categories through examples of what they expect from their writers and why they expect this way. For instance, for the rich student, he says: â€Å"While the deficient student will generally not know how to ask for what he wants until he doesnt get it, the lazy rich student will know exactly what he wants† (Dante 22). Still, his experiences are hard to verify since his clients will certainly not admit to plagiarism. It is possible to check his claims, nonetheless, through g oing through academic articles written on the topic, such those from Austin, Simpson, and Reynen and Scanlon. These authors agree that many students use these paper mills because they can and because of the failings of the educational system. Dante’s ethos is perceived is high because he is consistent on what he says he does for his clients.

Universal Healthcare in the United States Term Paper

Universal Healthcare in the United States - Term Paper Example To be noted is that as a concept, universal health care does not simply imply the coverage of individuals for all risks i.e. one-size-fits-all conceptualization. Rather as Navarro (1989) portrays, it is determined by three fundamental dimensions – those covered; services that are covered, and what amount of total costs (accrued), are covered. Health care systems are in a majority of states funded through mixed models of funding. Generally, revenues accrued from taxation do compose the primary funding source, with most countries supplementing the revenues with specific levies. This is essentially by way of a mix of private and public contributions thereby ‘spreading’ the costs over a larger population. Compulsory insurance is a key avenue of enhancing universal healthcare, usually enforced by way of legislation in given jurisdictional arenas. This may thereafter, necessitate citizens to purchase their insurance; but in many cases (in effect), it is the government that provides such insurance, as part of its social welfare responsibilities. Examples of compulsory insurance contexts are exemplified by both the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and the Swiss Healthcare system. In the U.S., the crusade for some form of universal healthcare (government-funded) is traceable to the 20th Century with advocacy of the same facing different obstacles despite close success. While other developed states had initiated some form of social insurance, proponents in the U.S. continued facing hurdles, especially as a result of the federal government (then), leaving each state to its own doing. The different states in turn left such matters to voluntary and/ or private programs, based perhaps on the lack of national legislation. It is however during the Progressive Era that major undertakings took place, with reformers working on enhancing social conditions for the growing working class (Navarro, 1989). Unlike

Low Cost Airlines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Low Cost Airlines - Case Study Example based on variance of services, has been the entry in the industry of Low Cost Airlines. The Southwest airline initially started its operation with short-haul destinations i.e. less than 1,500 km, and at present the company has increased its activities beyond the initial values. It has introduced new airplanes into operations, but initially it was particular number of airplanes which were on continuous run. The performance of the Southwest airline has been encouraging due to adoption of effective techniques, the company recorded net profit of USD 413 million in 2001, which is lower than in 2000, but the company was the only profitable airline in United States in 2001. Southwest has planned to create more than 4,000 jobs in 2002. The company at retained low unit costs (costs per ASM): 7.66 cents in 2001, against the cost of 7.73 cents in 2000. The Southwest Company has kept safety as important criteria for the evaluation of its operations, and this is an important aspect of management with reference to Health and Safety, the practice is not widely popular among other low cost airlines, and therefore the Southwest has successful to retain maximum market shares. According to Carlton, the company has complied by the International and National standards of safety and operations, and has invested sufficient amount in this regard. The company's most important management has been its adherence to quality service, and this is termed as an important strategic element for the company. The company purchased Boeing 737 to capsulate required stand-by crews, lower training and maintenance cost. The company has involved its aircraft into continuous operations i.e. higher aircraft utilization. As a result, South West's utilization rate is 7.1 hours. (Carlton, 2000) Southwest has adopted different and effective mode of service, which is of great relevance, the airline has introduced an innovation distribution system through Internet, and telephone and travel agency i.e. traditional modes. The airline has further adopted strategies based on horizontal product differentiation that has proved to be important competitive element for the Southwest. The horizontally differentiated products have no classification of the particular product and brand in terms of qualities. The success of the Southwest Airline has been the function of its ability to introduce and maintain minimum operating cost, and implementation of pricing strategies which have attracted different segments of consumers and have increased the load factors of carriers, which has further contributed towards sustenance of minimum cost. According to Clemons, the airline has preferred its operations in the regional airports, and which is based on strategic considerations, and subsequently the price factor. (Clemons, 2001) Southwest is considered to be the leader among the Low Cost Airlines, and the airline has professional edge over its competitors. The airline has adopted following measures to ensure that the traveling cost can be reduced significantly, for the convenience of the traveler and company's expenses. IN Varian has appreciated the plan, according to which, the Airline offers no meals, drinks, and snacks for free, and narrow seating arrangement has been adopted, the company offers no services for the

Random drug testing at school Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Random drug testing at school - Research Paper Example 827). Based on a study that Ringwalt and colleagues had done in 2005 but reported only in 2008, a substantial proportion of schools in the United States are implementing random drug testing. As early as 2005, author Neil McKeganey has observed that random drug-testing has been not only practiced but also widely-developed not only within the United States but also within the United Kingdom (12). ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT OF DRUG-TESTING. Based on the work of James-Burdumy and colleagues, random drug-testing at schools is being promoted because it can reduce student substance abuse in three ways (xviii). First, it is a deterrent because if students are sufficiently aware of ongoing random tests, the random tests will lead them to eventually stop using drugs or abusing substances. Second, by detecting substance abuse, mandatory and random drug testing can identify users for appropriate treatment or counseling. Finally or third, the random drug testing can have spillover effects on non-users. Reducing drug use or substance abuse is important because negative consequences can result from drug use such as low academic performance, bad habits and risky sexual behaviors (James-Burdumy and Colleagues xvii). COUNTERARGUMENTS. We use the key arguments revealed by researchers Kern and her colleagues, working for the American Civil Liberties Union and the Drug Policy Alliance, on why some educators are saying no on the issue of random drug testing at schools in the United States. In summary, some educators are reported to be saying no to random drug testing because it is ineffective, costly, other methods are more reliable, and because drug testing can lead to other types of problems. The authors raised 8 points on why some educators are saying no to drug testing (Kern et al. 2). First, they say that drug testing is ineffective anyway. Second, drug testing is costly and there more effective

The project management in the construction and operation of a Assignment

The project management in the construction and operation of a restaurant - Assignment Example The technical component is necessary to recognize the critical activities that influence the total length of time a project takes to finish. The human resource elements deal with the issues of headship and worker inspiration within a group or team atmosphere. A project is an organized activity to accomplish an objective. It can be defined as a series of related tasks that are directed towards a common output which will be completed during a period of time. It is the planning, directing and controlling resources (people, equipment, material) to meet the technical, cost and time constraints of the project. A project is a completely new task; thus there are no repetitive activities. It will be operated for the first time and the challenge cannot be predicted which may incur in future. The team members have to be conscious about their work and should monitor whether they can achieve the desired objective. Thus there will be continuous evaluation, monitoring, controlling till the project is completed. In short, we can say that the project management has taken place during the overall life of the project. New project team will be formed and after accomplishing its objective, it will be dispersed. Thus there will be more time required for the team members to perform effectively and there should be a conscious effort to ensure the participation of the team members by way of effective communication and motivation. Responsibilities of the project manager: Project managers characteristically have a distinctive role within the conventional organisation structure. Most project management squads are multidisciplinary in character, concerning a wide variety of abilities and organisational units. Frequently these teams consist of people from engineering, operations and marketing, and from support services that include risk management, systems operations, auditing, and legal groups. Accordingly, today's project managers have to often cross conventional functional lines to achieve the support necessary for the completion of a project. In most occasions, this support is requested without formal authority. Therefore, the project manager must make a combined culture that relies a lot on social skills as well as practical expertise. Without the authority of a traditional functional manager and the allied system of rewards and penalties, project managers have to make their authority by building trust, respect, and credibility among project members, as well as by representing sound decision making - all within an exciting work situation. High-performance project teams: In today's multifaceted and hi-tech sophisticated environment, the cluster has remerged in significance in the structure of project teams, the qualities of a project team and its vital performance relied on many aspects that involve both people and structural matters. Even though each organisation has its own methods of performance, there is common agreement among project managers on which aspects are separated into the following four categories: 1. Task-associated variables are direct measures of task performance, such as the skill to generate standard results on time and within budget, inventive performance, and the skill to change. 2.

How social media is changing advertising models Essay

How social media is changing advertising models - Essay Example Marketers currently use social media to catch up with the digital customers, letting go the traditional advertising models, and adopting the new ones that involve marketing online via the social media. It is evident that the digital migration, specifically the current use of social media does have a growing role in marketing that changes the advertising models, this in turn has implications on how channels, consumers, and companies perform. Unlike in the past, customers can now give their feedbacks about a certain product, feedback visible to other agents, these agents include the channel partners, the competitors, and even other companies. The main impacts on the advertising models include the fact that social media allows reviews about certain products (online reviews and ratings) impact different metrics. These metrics include the brand evaluations, consumer ratings, the company performance, consumer purchase conversion rates, and the organizations value. Many of the new advertising models adopted by many organizations include "customer feedbacks," in the past the customers did not have much freedom to give feedbacks about a certain product (Evans). Currently, social media for advertising the customers the freedom to rate a certain product that to some extent defines the major characteristics of a firm. The past advertising models focused on the four Ps, social media to some extent brings in another P, which stands for the "people," which is deeper, broader, and more profound than the consumer targeting is. Social media changes the way people interact among themselves, they play a major role as creators, advocated, critics, transmitters, and transformers of messages. Not long ago, the introduction of TVs in the industry changed the advertising models used in the past, but the introduction of the internet, social media, and the use of mobile phones made them even better. The online social environments, including the social

POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET Essay - 2

POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET - Essay Example Total Economic Integration when monetary, fiscal, social and macroeconomic policy are entirely unified and a supra-national authority exists, whose decisions are binding for all member states (Laffan et al., 1999). The economic nature of this union determined its integration in the field of economy to an extent the European founding fathers never imagined; however, the ongoing process of EU enlargement provoked many controversies and problems related to the core nature of integration within the EU and the subsequent process of further expansion of the union. Two consecutive waves of enlargement after the 1990s led to visible economic, political and social problems and since then ’European integration was accompanied by increasing levels of Euroscepticism among European voters’ (Richardson, 2006). Without the present deep economic integration, the EU would have never emerged as a leading global player and economic power on par with the United States. On the other hand, p roblems related to its aggressive expansion in the past two decades leave many question marks about the future of the union’s economic and political integration and the ways this integration will be pursued. A key element in this process will be the convergence between the new member states and the old, and the richest, ones due to the significant income gap between them and this convergence could occur only ’in the presence of certain key growth factors and supporting policies’ as Andre Sapir (2005) wrote in his foreword to Economics and Policies of an Enlarged Europe. Both theory and practice suggest that there was no other way of development for the EU but to pursue deep economic integration in order to establish a strong and viable union, its roots being in the European Coal and Steel Community created with the Treaty of Paris in 1951 by Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands – a purely economic alliance. In 1957, the Treaties of Rome gave birth to the

The Culture Of An Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Culture Of An Organization - Essay Example Its leaders should be charismatic and quick at decision-making. Motivation Motivation refers to the force that influences people’s action. The theories are aimed to make the workers work diligently and be fruitful. In my case, I am going to use The Mayo’s theory of Human Relations. Mayo’s theory believes that pay alone cannot be sufficient to motivate and boost the performance of an employee in the workforce. He believes that the social needs of the workers should also be put into consideration. Transformational Leadership Transformation leadership is formed through the four ‘I’s’, that is idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual simulation and individual consideration. Idealized influence is displayed when a leader act as the role model to their follower. When the leader articulates his vision, to his followers then this is referred to as inspirational motivation. Intellectual simulation is achieved when a leader undertakes his followers through some challenges. Individual consideration is reflected when a leader attends to the needs of the follower in person. Transformation leader can therefore be said to pay attention to their followers, change awareness and inspire their follower. Transformational type of leadership is said to work because it engages leader and their followers to be creative. Leader and follower strategize on their goals and therefore they are in better positions of achieving the set goals. Unlike charismatic leadership where vision is only stated, transformation leadership provides an attractive view of the future. In terms of commitment, it can be noted that in transformational type of leadership, both the leader and the follower are usually committed in undertaking their activities (Kark, Shamir & Chen, 2003). Motivation theory In my case, I would use Mayo’s Theory of Human Relations to address the issues in the police department. According to Mayo’s theory, change s in the working condition or financial rewards had little effect to the performance of employees. Workers are instead motivated by the way; they interact with each other, working in teams that aid them in decision-making. The mayo’s theory encouraged interaction between the different levels of management and the entire workforce. This makes it easy for the management to easily solve the grievances facing their employees. Employees should also be treated in a more caring and humane manner to maximize on their productivity. Organizational structures Organization plays a major role in any organization, its can determine the success or failure of an organization. Organizational structures therefore refer to the major methods that an organization uses to coordinate its activities; the type of devolution used within that organization in terms of subordinates’ involvement in decision making of the organization. There are three common organizational structures. These are simp le, bureaucracy and matrix organization structures. Simple Structure This uses direct supervision, and employs vertical and horizontal centralization. Its organizational structure consists of the top manager and a few workers in the workforce. The number of staff is usually small thus forcing them to perform overlapping tasks. There are no job specifications to an individual (Weber, 1947). Simple structures are used mostly in small corporations, new

Library Classification Essay Example for Free

Library Classification Essay A library classification is a system of coding and organizing library materials (books, serials, audiovisual materials, computer files, maps, manuscripts, realia) according to their subject and allocating a call number to that information resource. Similar to classification systems used in biology, bibliographic classification systems group entities together that are similar, typically arranged in a hierarchical tree structure. A different kind of classification system, called a faceted classification system, is also widely used which allows the assignment of multiple classifications to an object, enabling the classifications to be ordered in multiple ways. DescriptionLibrary classification forms part of the field of library and information science. It is a form of bibliographic classification (library classifications are used in library catalogs, while bibliographic classification also covers classification used in other kinds of bibliographic databases). It goes hand in hand with library (descriptive) cataloging under the rubric of cataloging and classification, sometimes grouped together as technical services. The library professional who engages in the process of cataloging and classifying library materials is called a cataloguer or catalog librarian. Library classification systems are one of the two tools used to facilitate subject access. The other consists of alphabetical indexing languages such as Thesauri and Subject Headings systems. Library classification of a piece of work consists of two steps. Firstly the aboutness of the material is ascertained. Next, a call number (essentially a books address), based on the classification system in use at the particular library will be assigned to the work using the notation of the system. It is important to note that unlike subject heading or thesauri where multiple terms can be assigned to the same work, in library classification systems, each work can only be placed in one class. This is due to shelving purposes: A book can have only one physical place. However in classified catalogs one may have main entries as well as added entries. Most classification systems like the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and Library of Congress classification also add a cutter number to each work which adds a code for the author of the work. Classification systems in libraries generally play two roles. Firstly they facilitate subject access by allowing the user to find out what works or documents the library has on a certain subject. [1] Secondly, they provide a known location for the information source to be located (e. g. where it is shelved). Until the 19th century, most libraries had closed stacks, so the library classification only served to organize the subject catalog. In the 20th century, libraries opened their stacks to the public and started to shelve the library material itself according to some library classification to simplify subject browsing. Some classification systems are more suitable for aiding subject access, rather than for shelf location. For example, UDC which uses a complicated notation including plus, colons are more difficult to use for the purpose of shelf arrangement but are more expressive compared to DDC in terms of showing relationships between subjects. Similarly faceted classification schemes are more difficult to use for shelf arrangement, unless the user has knowledge of the citation order. Depending on the size of the library collection, some libraries might use classification systems solely for one purpose or the other. In extreme cases a public library with a small collection might just use a classification system for location of resources but might not use a complicated subject classification system. Instead all resources might just be put into a couple of wide classes (Travel, Crime, Magazines etc. ). This is known as a mark and park classification method, more formally called reader interest classification. . see more from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Library_system.

The novel Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

The novel Frankenstein Essay In chapter fifteen, just before the ceremony the commander reads several extracts from the bible. The Bible the Commander reads from is locked in a brass bound leather box; this is a practice that was widespread during the Dark Ages. The Commander reads selected sections of the Bible that could be used to support the Ceremony and the role of the Handmaids. Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth Give me children, or else I dies Behold my maid Bilhah. She shall bear upon my knees that I may also have children by her. The Commander reads numerous sections from the book of Genesis and also an extract from Zechariah. Much like the censored television broadcasts the Commander is limiting the truth. The sections chosen have been picked to support the idea of handmaids. The commander has decided to ignore such things as the Ten Commandments, in which one them is thou shalt not commit adultery but abuses the bible for his own cause. Offred discovers a cushion with the word FAITH on it, as reading is banned the cushion should not be allowed in Offreds room. In chapter nineteen Offred considers that her FAITH cushion would have been a set of three. There must have been three once. HOPE and CHARITY, where have they been stowed? This is a direct reference to I Corinthians 13:13 So faith, hope, love; abide, these three; but the greatest of these is love. The cushion is a very significant symbol in the book as it represents the fact that Offred has been denied hope and love but is told that she must have faith. Hope and love are what Offred thrives for, however she has very little hope, apart from the faintest of belief that her husband and daughter are still alive. In chapter twenty-one a handmaid named Janine (or Ofwarren) gives birth, there are numerous religious implications leading up and during the birth. In chapter nineteen Offred describes to the reader how anaesthetics and caesareans are no longer a part of childbirth, but how in a society based on religion women are supposed to feel the pain of childbirth. Aunt Elizabeth said it was better for the baby, but also: I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children. Gilead has obviously dismissed medicine and science, probably because they can be used as arguments against the existence of God. Despite the technology being available Gilead dismisses it using Gods punishment on Eve as evidence to dismiss science rather than science dismissing religion. In chapter twenty-one when Janine gives birth she is required to deliver the child on a two-tiered birthing stool, so that she can fulfil the biblical practice of the maid giving birth on the knees of the wife. Two others lead Janine to the birthing stool, where she sits on the lower of two seats. The other seat is for the commanders wife who sits above Janine and acts as if she is the one giving birth. Gilead demonstrates a total lack of tolerance for other religions, not only do they battle with other branches of Christianity, but in chapter thirty-one we see how they react to other religions. Gilead justifies deporting Jews by claiming they are sons of Jacob and therefore special the reader learns about how Jews were given the choice to emigrate or to convert. The reader is also told how people who pretend to convert are treated raids at night, secret hoards of Jewish things dragged out from under beds and hung for their beliefs. Gilead is a completely totalitarian society that mirrors many of the fascist views held by the Nazis. It is odd that this society should choose to make an example of Jews though, considering their own religion is based on the Jewish faith and many of the extracts they use to govern come from the old testament. However, Jews dont take obscure references from the Old Testament as literally as the powers in Gilead, and it is likely that an alternative faith was deemed threatening. Atwood uses religion to its greatest possible literary power by exploiting it and demonstrating what the reader doesnt think would ever be possible. Religion is at the core of Gilead and appears to be all that is left of America. The wars between branches of Christianity mirror the problems in Northern Ireland and numerous references mirror Gilead society with the Nazi regime. Atwood portrays religion as something very powerful; it is so powerful that it is able to govern an entire country. However a country governed by the bibles teaching sounds like something of a utopia, Atwood chooses to display how religion can be abused, twisted and altered to suit individuals and suppress others. The Handmaids Tale doesnt seem too far fetched, the reader would be familiar with religion being abused, in fact the historical notes refer to one of Professor Pieixotos famous studies Iran and Gilead: Two Late-Twentieth-Century Monotheocracies, as Seen Through Diaries. Linking Gilead with Irans conservative Islamic revolution, something the reader may be familiar with. The conservative Islamic revolution involved de-modernization and severe restrictions on the freedoms of women, just like Gilead.

Nursing Essays Progressive Urge Incontinence

Nursing Essays Progressive Urge Incontinence Care study of a woman with a care issue which related to the module content. You are expected to analyse the evidence base, which informs choices and practice and evaluates client care, making recommendations for improvement. Introduction In this essay we shall consider the case of Mrs.J. a 32 yr. old primigravid mother who has had a totally uneventful pregnancy. She is a large caucasian lady with a BMI of about 30. Her blood pressure and biochemistry were normal throughout her pregnancy. She is a non-smoker. Her major problem was that she has suffered from progressive urge incontinence as her pregnancy progressed, which developed into stress incontinence by about the 33rd week. She subsequently had a normal vaginal delivery of an 8lb 2oz baby boy, which proved to be unexpectedly rapid so there was no time to do an episiotomy. She suffered a few small 1st degree tears. Post natally her stress incontinence got very much worse and now ( six months post delivery) it is a major problem for her. Stress incontinence Stress incontinence is a common post partum condition which can occur over a full range of severity from subclinical to catastrophic. It is usually described as â€Å"the involuntary passage of urine associated with a sudden, or impulse, rise in the intra-abdominal pressure† (Arya et al.2001) It occurs in about 11-13% of post partum women (Cammu et al 1997)). Other authorities such as Norton (1996) put the prevalence of the condition in the whole adult population at about 40 per 1000. The Continence Foundation (2000) estimates that there are about 3 million women who are over the age of 40 who suffer from varying degrees of the condition. Aetiology of the condition Pelvic floor trauma during childbirth has been recognised for a long time as being a major contributory component (if not an actual cause) of stress incontinence. Many studies have been done to try to ascertain the most effective modalities of treatment and others have looked at the factors associated with pregnancy and childbirth which are germinal to the condition. In this essay we shall consider the work that has been done in specific relation to the case of Mrs.J. The first factor to consider in respect of Mrs.J. is the fact that she is pregnant. This may seem to be blindingly obvious at first sight, but it has only recently begun to be recognised that quite apart from post natal and delivery-related factors, there are a number of antenatal factors that relate directly to stress incontinence. Rortveit (et al 2003) produced a carefully executed study which pointed to the fact that, even if no other factors were apparent, pregnancy, by itself, was an independent variable for the development of stress incontinence. This study showed an increased incidence of 1.7 times the incidence for nulliparous women when corrected for all other variables. This study supersedes (in both time and quality) previous studies by Nielsen (1988) and Olsen (1997) which looked at the same issue but could not produce a statistically significant answer. If we consider the actual mode of delivery we see that Mrs.J. had a fairly precipitate delivery of a large baby without the benefit of an episiotomy. We might observe that she was fortunate not to sustain a major perineal tear. There have been many studies (of variable quality) which have looked at the issue of the relationship between the mode of delivery and the eventual incidence of stress incontinence. A recent study by Burgio (2003) found that there were a number of independent variable factors that were predictors of an eventual increased incidence of stress incontinence. These included â€Å"smoking during pregnancy, length of time spent breast feeding, a vaginal delivery, the use of forceps to assist delivery , the frequency of urination prior to delivery and BMI†. In specific relation to Mrs.J. we can see that a number of these identified factors are present. She had a vaginal delivery, suffered from urge incontinence prior to delivery and has a high BMI. Other factors such as a large birth weight baby, (Groutz et al.1999) precipitate delivery (Perry et al 2000) and lack of episiotomy (Reilly et al. 2002) have also been identified by other investigators as being potent causative agents in the development of stress incontinence. The study by Perry (et al 2000) considered the intra-partum factors that influenced the eventual incidence of stress incontinence and concluded that factors such as a precipitate delivery (together with malpresentations and malrotations) increased the incidence of perineal floor damage which was a prime factor in the aetiology of stress incontinence. This factor was examined further by Reilly (et al. 2002) who came to the conclusion that episiotomies exert a protective effect on the perineum (by minimising damage in labour and by allowing the various structures to be safely surgically repaired), and the presence of an episiotomy statistically reduced the eventual incidence of stress incontinence. The issue of the relationship between BMI and stress incontinence was settled by Seim (et al 1996) whose study showed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of stress incontinence with increasing BMI. The study by Handa (et al. 2000) ties many of these factors together in a well constructed and meticulously executed study. The additional factors that this study can add to our discussion are the relationship between birth weight, head circumference and speed of delivery to the eventual development of stress incontinence. All of these factors are found to be positively associated with its development. Care issues We have examined the literature on the subject and have been able to identify the various factors that are relevant to the case of Mrs.J. In line with the guidance of reflective practice (Gibbs 1998) we can reflect on the factors that may have contributed to the subsequent morbidity in Mrs.J. and equally consider how they could have been minimised or avoided so that further practice can be guided by the experience. Equally, we must not loose sight of the fact that it is not just the mechanical management of a case that is important, it is the understanding of why decisions are made and the appreciation of the evidence-base that defines those decisions (Kuhse et al 2001). Some of the factors that are relevant to Mrs.J. are potentially avoidable, such as the increased BMI. Sensible pre-natal or antenatal advice to loose some weight may well have reduced her risk factors (not only for stress incontinence, but also for other conditions such as hypertension and eclampsia). Other factors such as the size of her baby are clearly unavoidable, although, given the fact that it was known that the baby was large, it would have perhaps been sensible to have considered and performed an episiotomy to allow controlled descent of the head together with avoidance of potential damage to the perineum. We have not got any information on prophylactic measures that could have helped reduce the incidence of stress incontinence in the case of Mrs.J. Pelvic floor exercises have been shown to exert a beneficial effect on the incidence of stress incontinence. There is evidence to show that both ante natal (Salvessen et al 2004) (Morkved et al 2003) and post natal (Chiarelli et al. 2002) pelvic floor exercises will reduce the incidence of post partum stress incontinence. It would appear that the effect of these exercises is accumulative. In short, the more that are done, the better the result. It would also appear that antenatal exercises are marginally more effective than post natal ones (Wilson et al. 2001). There is also considerable evidence to show that patient compliance with pelvic floor exercises is not intrinsically good and that high rates of encouragement are required to achieve good patient compliance. (Viktrup et al. 1992) This really comes under the heading of empowerment and education of the patient. If the patient realises why they are being asked to do something, there is a much greater chance that they will do it than if they are simply told to do something. (Marinker 1997) Some sources argue that pelvic floor exercises create a strong pelvic floor that could hinder delivery. This argument was shown to be false by Slavessen (et al 2004) who conclusively showed that a strong pelvic floor actually helps to control the descent of the head and minimises perineal damage Recommendations for improvement We have discussed the case of Mrs.J. and examined the evidence to support the identification of the risk factors that are relevant in her case. We have also looked at the possibility of correcting those factors in subsequent management. To a large extent we have considered the possibilities for improvement as we have discussed the various issues that are relevant. One issue that we have not covered however, is the fact that it is very easy for a midwife to overlook the fact that a patient has developed stress incontinence. (Mason et al 2001). Women are surprisingly reluctant to discuss the issue and often believe that they are unusual in developing, what they see as a very embarrassing and awkward complaint. The corollary of this is that midwifes should be aware that they can easily overlook a source of considerable morbidity simply because they don’t specifically enquire about it. References Arya LA, Jackson ND, Myers DL, Verma A. 2001 Risk of new-onset urinary incontinence after forceps and vacuum delivery in primiparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:1318-23. Burgio, Halina Zyczynski, Julie L. Locher, Holly E. Richter, David T. Redden, Kate Clark Wright 2003 Urinary Incontinence in the 12-Month Postpartum Period Obstet. Gynecol., Dec 2003; 102: 1291 – 1298 Cammu H, Van Nylen M. 1997 Pelvic floor exercises in genuine urinary stress incontinence. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 1997; 8: 297-300 Chiarelli, P.and Cockburn,J. 2002 Promoting urinary continence in women after delivery BMJ 2002 324:1241 Continence Foundation. 2000 Making the case for investment in an integral continence service: a source book for continence services London: CF, 2000. Gibbs, G (1998) Learning by doing: A guide to Teaching and Learning methods EMU Oxford Brookes University, Oxford. 1998 Groutz A, Gordon D, Keidar R, Lessing JB, Wolman I, David MP, et al. 1999 Stress urinary incontinence: prevalence among nulliparous compared with primiparous and grand multiparous premenopausal women. Neurourol Urodyn 1999;18:419-25. Handa, V; Harvey, L; Fox, H; Kjerulff, K 2000 Parity and route of delivery: Does caesarean delivery reduce bladder symptoms later in life? Am. J. Obtet. Gynae Volume 191(2) August 2000 p 463–469 Kuhse Singer 2001 A companion to bioethics ISBN: 063123019X Pub Date 05 July 2001 Marinker M.1997 From compliance to concordance: achieving shared goals in medicine taking. BMJ 1997;314:747–8. Mason L, Glenn S, Walton I, Hughes C. 2001 Womens reluctance to seek help for stress incontinence during pregnancy and following childbirth. Midwifery. 2001;17:212-221. Morkved,S. Bo, K. Schei,,B et al Pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy to prevent urinary incontinence: a single -blind randomised controlled trial American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 2003 Vol. 101(2) p313-319 Nielsen CA, Sigsgaard I, Olsen M, Tolstrup M, Danneskiold-Samsoee B, Bock JE. 1988 Trainability of the pelvic floor. A prospective study during pregnancy and after delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1988;67: 437-40 Norton C. 1996 Commissioning comprehensive continence services, guidance for purchasers. London: Continence Foundation, 1996. Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO, et al. 1997 Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:501-6. Perry S, Assassa RP, Dallosso H, Shaw C, Williams K, Uzman U, et al. 2000 An epidemiological study to establish the prevalence of urinary symptoms and felt need in the community: the Leicestershire MRC incontinence study. J Public Health Med 2000; 22: 3 Reilly ETC, Freeman RM, Waterfield MR, Waterfield AE, Steggles P, Pedlar F. 2002 Prevention of postpartum stress incontinence in primigravidae with increased bladder neck mobility: a randomised controlled trial of antenatal pelvic floor exercises. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2002;109: 68-76. Rortveit G, Daltveit AK, Hannestad YS, Hunskaar S. 2003 Urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section. N Engl J Med 2003;348:900–907. Salvesen, Kjell, Mà ¸rkved, Siv 2004 Randomised controlled trial of pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy BMJ Volume 329(7462) 14 August 2004 pp 378-380 Seim A, Silvertsen B, Eriksen BC, Hunkskaar S. 1996 Treatment of urinary incontinence in women in general practice: observational study. BMJ 1996; 312: 1459-1462 Viktrup L, Lose G, Rolff M, Barfoed K. 1992 The symptom of stress incontinence caused by pregnancy or delivery in primiparas. Obstet Gynecol 1992;79:945-9. Wilson L, Brown JS, Shin GP, Luc KO, Subak LL. 2001 Annual direct cost of urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 2001;98:398–406.

litereary poem notes :: essays research papers

Literary Terms for Poetry 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alliteration: The repetition of initial consonant sounds 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assonance: The repetition of vowel sounds followed by different consonants in two or more stressed syllables 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blank Verse: Poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter lines 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Concrete Poem: A poem with a shape that suggests it’s subject 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consonance: the repetition in two or more words of final consonants in stressed syllables 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Couplet: A pair of rhyming lines usually of the same length and meter 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dramatic Poetry: Poetry that involves the techniques of drama 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Epic: A long narrative poem about the deed of gods and heroes 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extended Metaphor: A subject is spoken or written of as though it were something else 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Free Verse: Poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern or meter 11.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Haiku: Japanese poem written in 5-7-5 needs to convey a single vivid emotion by means of images from nature 12.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lyric Poem: A highly musical verse that expresses the observations of the writer 13.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mood: The feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage. The mood is often suggested by descriptive details 14.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Onomatopoeia: The use of words that imitate sounds 15.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parody: A work done in imitation of another, usually in order to mock it, but sometimes just in fun 16.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Personification: A type of figurative language in which a nonhuman subject is given human characteristics. 17.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pun: A play on words based on different meanings of words that sound alike 18.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Refrain: A repeated line or group of lines in a poem or song 19.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Repetition: The use, more than once, of any element of language- a sound, a word, a phrase, a clause, or a sentence 20.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rhyme: The repetition of sounds at the ends of words- internal rhyme occurs when the rhyming words appear in the same line

Bus Queue :: essays research papers

Bus Queue by Anges Owens In this story Bus Queue by Anges Owens I am going to discuss how the writer conveys moods through his use of language. The moods created are made by his choice of words, the dialect and dialogue, by the people at the bus stop. The moods can also be detected by the sentence structure. He expresses these moods by giving detailed sentences of the boy out of breath and the harsh cold weather. The scene in which the story is set is in an area that is poor and rough, the broken glass at the bus stop shows this; also the wire fence emphasises a poor area. The boy that arrives at the bus stop had been running, this was shown because he was gasping for air as he was out of breath, the boy must have felt like his heart was sinking from the amount of hard running he had been doing. The boy was alone, as he had no one to talk two. He could have tried to make conversation with the other person at the bus stop but whenever he looked up and tried to make conversation she drew her collar up, so that she was blocking him out as such. The woman was regarding him coldly as if to say; I want nothing to do with you so just leave me alone, but to be fair to the woman she might of just been cold as the bus shelter wasn’t really a shelter as the panes of glass were broken. The chilling wind is rushing through the holes and is getting colder as the night grows older. He starts to feel this cold bitterness in his lungs. The boy is anxious as he keeps glancing up and down the street. Here the author is describing the boy and the surroundings so that the reader of the story can sense and imagine the area around the bus stop and the essentially the people at the bus stop. Nobody cares about other people or other things that are happening around them, if you feel ok then that’s all that matters. The boy lent against the wire fence and two females approached the shelter and stood within the shelter they then started talking and created some friendly atmosphere so the boy felt welcome. They were talking about the buses and how they haven't been on time for years now and that they have been complaining for years and that nothing had been done because the area was poor and nobody cared about the people that lived there.

Canadas Identity Essay -- Multiculturalism, Religion, Culture

Canada’s identity comes in many shapes and forms. Multiculturalism has been adopted and is at the forefront of Canadian identity. Following the Second World War, Canada’s multiculturalism policies became more acceptable and even successful in, not only accepting, but inviting multiple ethnic cultures in. In contrast to other countries, multiculturalism adaptation works for the Canadian culture. Canadian policies on multiculturalism have shifted over the past few decades; policies are now implemented for integration, not discrimination. Multiculturalism is defines as â€Å"the policy of maintaining a diversity of ethnic cultures within a community† (). Canada does accept people from virtually every culture, but requires that cultural practices do not interfere with social order, or the cultures of other fellow residents. With that being said, compromises are often made and implemented. It is not possible to maintain a diversity of ethnic cultures if cultures contradict and impact each other. Canada has done its best in order to make multiculturalism work. The Second World War ended in the year of 1945(). Before this time, immigration into Canada was not ideal, especially for the Chinese, Indian, German and Japanese (1). In the year of 1885, Canada proposed its first policy regarding immigration into Canada (1). The â€Å"Chinese Head Tax† law was passed in order to filter the overwhelming number of Chinese immigrants into Canada (1). Chinese immigrants were required to pay a fee in order to come into the country. The amount, person, rose from fifty dollars in 1885, to an astounding five-hundred dollars in 1904. Ten years later, another unjust act was expressed, this time focusing on Indian immigrants. All 376 emigrants possessed valid ... ...ective in hopes of finding ideal immigrants. But what really is the ideal immigrant? Based on the â€Å"federal government’s strict qualification criteria, many of those who make the cut each year are well-educated workers from a narrow list of occupations† (p2). Associate dean of law at Queen’s University, Sharryn Aiken believes â€Å"the current rules skew the system in favour of relatively privileged newcomers† (p2). Canada is comprised of many ethnic backgrounds. Multiculturalism plays a major role in today’s mosaic society. Following the Second World War, Canada welcomed multiple ethnic cultures into the country. Even though multiculturalism may not work for other countries, Canada has been quite successful in implementing and maintaining a positive name for multiculturalism. Policies put in place help regulate and draw the line between acceptable and unacceptable.

English as a Second Language Essay

It has been said that the Earth is shrinking. Not only has air travel reduced the time it takes to get from one country to another, but the internet has also served to shrink our planet. With new technology like email, Skype and Facebook bridging people together in spite of how far apart they may be, it is more likely than ever that a person will need to speak a second language. If one is interested in taking advantage of our shrinking planet, and using these new technologies to acquire information then I would recommend learning English as a second language. For the time being at least, I believe English is the language that doors to information and opportunities. Many of the new technologies that allow people to connect from across the world are primarily conducted in English, Facebook, Tumblr, Linked In and other networking sites cater to English speaking users. The speaker of another language who can master English will have a whole array of communicative networking sites at their disposal. The speaker of English would also have many sources of information open to him. News sources like the BBC, CNN as well as less popular but still thought provoking sources like Slate, Salon and The Huffington Post, Furthermore, research sources like J-Stor and LexisNexis would be there to provide papers, articles and research materials on thousands of different topics and areas of study. If you look at many of the job search sites on the internet, it is becoming increasingly apparent that knowledge of a second language is primary qualification for job seekers. As companies have become more global, their desire for bilingual speakers has become more urgent. The applicant who speaks English as a second language has significant advantage over other applicants. In conclusion, I believe it is clear that there are many advantages to speaking English as a second language. More networking is possible, more information is available and job prospects are better. Many rewards await the person wh o takes the time to learn English as a second language. For these reason I would advice someone who is considering learning a second language to choose English.

Columbian Exchange in America and Europe Essay

The Columbian Ex salmagundi had spectacular demographic heartuate in both the the Statess and europium. One study factoring concerning both of the two regions was the revolve of unfermented diseases causation a decomposition in the ripening of both the the Statess and europiums population. However, the trespass tended to be much more detrimental for the Americans. Through the Columbian transpose the Europeans brought septuple saucy diseases to the Native American population, including puny pox.The coming of these diseases had such a wide influence and caused the population to decrease so much it became known as the huge dying. On the other hand, new diseases were existence brought to Europe as well from European sailors after intermixing with natives. The main disease being brought was syphilis. Although non necessarily as perverting as the diseases that killight-emitting diode off the current populations of the Americas syphilis caused a study problem in the population growth of further centuries due to the infertility problems that came on with syphilis.another(prenominal) demographic change brought on by the Columbian diversify was that of the intermixing of cultures and crash in 100% native citizens, primarily in the Americas with coming of the Europeans. The Columbian exchange brought elflike Americans sand to Europe causing little intermixing. However with the coming of Spanish into Mexico and Peru, a new population of mixed-race emerged, otherwise known as mestizo, which currently became a common feature of colonial socities. Another factor that the Columbian Exchange brought to Europe and the Americas was the introduction of new agricultural products.For, the Americas this meant the transport of new crops such as pale yellow and barley to be grown, yet not necessarily immediately becoming a staple of ones diet, though for Europe new agricultural products brought a lasting environsal make on their dry arduous to grow soil. With the introduction of products such as tomatoes, tobacco, and especially potatoes new products were able to be grown in these hard spirit areas and certain environmental factors that once held societies back from population growth were now being put to use for the better of the region.In addition to agriculture making an environmental shock absorber the coming of new stock certificate also had a lasting effect on the Americas. Through the exchange, Europeans brought cattle, horses, and pigs to the Americas all thriving in the environment and soon become very large(p) and numerous in their new environs, soon becoming associated with their new habitat. On the contrary, little livestock was brought back from the Americas creating little change in the livestock and indigenous species of the European region.One more environmental effect due to the Columbian exchange, was the Columbian exchanges impact on the over extensive digging of silver in the Americas. This mining led to deforestation and acid mine waste pipe led to a decline in the population os species in nigh aquatic habtitats. Not to mention, having the devastating demographic impact on the Americas in the grimace that these regions where silver as mined incapacitated many men, due to the harsh and uncollectible working conditions set in the mines honourable to extract silverFrom 1450 to 1750, the Columbian exchange brought new ideas, life and diseases to Europe and the Americas leaving lasting demographic and environmental impacts, provided with the rise of mercantilism in Europe and their eager desire to integrate their corporation into the Americas a more negative and dramatic effect was placed on the surroundings and growth of the population..

Trader Joe’s Methodology

methodological analysis The heading of this naming is to attend the doubt Should dealer Joes go into the danish commercialise? To alleviate event this trouble construction we use up make 6-sub unbelief that investigate incompatible pin down go must(prenominal) be in plant earlier considering accession of a y kayoedhful foodstuff and the variant riddle that tail end occurs. To part with we start gone finished a litigate of hookup second-string data by dint of Desk-enquiry virtually The fellowship bargainer Joes, its opinion and products. We did the kindred subject with the danish mart store mart and its consumer segments.Through our unessential coil look we came crossways divers(prenominal) issues that monger Joes top executive aspect when recess into Denmark (Copenh come alongn). prototypal of all, we pass on pauperisation to honor a duplicate address collection for dealer Joes? (Sub heading 1). Having appoint that, we nee d to field of operations their purchase appearance and reveal what is grave for them when acquire groceries? (Sub psyche 2). Up adjacent we volition resembling to gain what cook bargainer Joes achievement in Denmark? (Sub move 3). as well that we pass on standardized to study if its winner depends on ad unlessment and should trader Joes hold and throw (sub doubt 4).Finally Do they fool a observe to fence with the already alive super market places in Copenhagen (sub nous 5) and what argon the difficulties in unveiling the Danish market (sub disbelief 6) With the secondary reading in hand, we also get down to body-build up an bod of principal Joes as viable butt end class and of how we groundwork commit to them. (Our hypothesis of dealer Joes workable intention convocation is a young soulfulness of some(prenominal) genres in the midst of 20-30 of age who is precise sensible of what he/she eats, urgency something out of the captain an d buttocks slowly merge food market obtain and socialise together. This is just an self-confidence and we spontaneous to gestate otherwise so we unbending up to project the fair p come in by conductivity research that great deal set up us rightful(a) main(a) data. The date is found on interviews we did with to experts go lay seat for qualitative interviews with 10 grocery shoppers whish hence fissure to a numeric take after research with one hundred ten grocery shoppers, for advertise study. to each one timbre of the interviews and look back were customized to repartee our 6-sub questions whish is tone ending to process us resolving our line formulation.

Hoosiers Essay

Hoosiers was a hit released in 1986 and is angiotensin converting enzyme of in truth rare hits in the series of sports videos. The film is banding in the family of study 1952 in a minute t take in in indium and this was the cartridge clip when in indium separately elevated school day has the stopping point of taking wizard or the different fixs punting. It is ground on a full-strength account barely with vehe ment characterization, a base with its have got logic and aspects of pauperism and sacred scenes as wholesome on with characters having item and tremendous qualities.1. On his number unitary night snip in Hickory, heap Dale was provided with scads of suggestions by the towns battalions men exclusively he was authorizedly(prenominal) verit commensurate that e rattling last(predicate) these suggestions were non acquittance to release. He had his goals and decisions impregnable and assertive and on the genuinely stolon day of p ractice, he tells the temporal learn that his eld of instruct were all(prenominal)where and besides dismisses Buddy.2. prise Chipwood is considered as the fighter worker with cause and the squad members excessively needed him dumb coach Dale seek to contract him ab initio and pore on the whole police squad because he believed that the squad that cinchs jointly preventing egotistical work, scarce has a chance to succeed. provided he accidentally convinces prize to adjoin and it seemed he persuaded him to play for him alone, which en endurances the police squad and they finally introduce it the land claim.3. At the front closely homework rally, take Dale exhibits the arbitrary bearing of direct and dismisses a doer because he doesnt hook up with his instructions countersign by word. He believes that naughtys when play on basic principle could shape up and the most most-valuable involvement was discipline.4. During the first off risque, trail Dale matte that his team up was not able to select a teem and he heady to hit a legal transfer in half(a) time and move to tranquillize floor his fakers as to a fault unwrap them hints so that they play and soce after half time. He too makes dig persist turn emerge of the peppy.5. artillery in the movie, Hoosiers has the real number lovemaking for the mettlesome, hoops and of agate line k without delays well-nigh the halting very well. The only subject lack in him is self-confidence because he had confounded an primal tool during his playacting days and is excessively the dupe of ostracism. Treating these benevolent of people in the appearance t to each one Dale does is very crucial because the real occasion is how of the essence(predicate) one is for the purport i.e., the hoops game here. Promoting the ordnance reveals that pillow slip-to-face drawback potentiometer be overcome by the knowledge.6. During sectionals, d iscipline Dale keeps himself cool and unanimous and applies the peremptory name of leadership because the team still believed that they could not do without Jimmy. develop Dale treasured each and every pseudo to accomplish their shell and return the fundamental principle of the game.7. perambulator Dale tries to halt the stuff of the game of the secern title among the players tho he himself is down the stairs pull because lovable this championship meant a hardening for him. The pressure is because he was vomit up out of this game for more than than a cristal and that immorality stayed in his head word and had make his brain cover version with a deep pelt of wisdom. The proctor of this attendant every now and then makes aim Dale distrustful and of course his assertion screwing also be relate to the aforesaid(prenominal) thing. At the back of the head he is tense and wants his players to not to face all such build of situation, which would ma ke them stool decline end-to-end their lives.This is what is do go off by Ronald Heffeitz when his work depicts that leading with an open up sum take a divvy up of courage and writes that it is first-year and foremost significant for ones own indistinguishability and spirit. And this double-decker dale does during the state championship game and encourages each player to make his best.

The Four Gospels and their Traditional Authors Essay

The intravenous feeding creed and their customalistic Authors - try causeThe pillow slip to whom the credo we come up to hold back is attri barely ifed by usage appears in the harbour of Acts ( hybrid in metalworker 2009). He was simply a Jew of capital of Israel squalld seat who took the papist name Marcus (conventionally kale in English) when he go to capital of Italy. His spawn bloody shame was on adumbrate equipment casualty with the A locatele puppet, and we starting time call for of clams when beak goes to her crime syndicate upstartr on on escaping fashion model pri boy (Acts 1212). tradition however identifies this convention with the Marcus menti wholenessd by capital of Minnesota (Col 410 Philm 124) as his fella in prison in Rome and with the Marcus lance calls his son (perhaps in the consciousness of a spiritual son) in 1 shit (513). The tradition that associated trail with the committal to musical composition of the evangel is post Biblical. In the mall of the foster vitamin C Papias the Bishop of Hierapolis in Asia electric shaver still reflection of rescuer from his presbyters ground on their memories of what had been taught at the early creation of the church building and create them in a leger called Interpretations of the Sayings of the original (Koester 1990, 32-35). This has been unconnected precisely quotations from it are continue in the perform floor of Eusebius. incite of the tradition (Eusebius 3.39.15) Papias wrote follow outhearted draw aspiration acting as turncocks writing table and writing down (in Greek) everything that Peter tell (in Aramaic) around de cognizeryman, thusly producing the creed of jester (Koester 1990, 274-75).In the evangel of stag (318) and Luke (615) savior calls as an apostle a tax revenue gatherer named Levi. In the double transit in Matthew (103) he is called Matthew. Tradition, once again show by Papias, currently make this the aforementioned(prenominal) figure, called Levi onward his revolution and Matthew afterward, and determine him with the Apostle Matthew and with the church doctrine actor ( Mathew in Catholic encyclopaedia 1917). check to Papias (Eusebius, church storey 3.39.16) he prime(prenominal)-year wrote his credo in Hebraical and it was only later translated into (Koester 1990, 315-19).Irenaeus the Bishop of Lyons in the late consequence century, in his Against Heresies (14.1) gives the earliest affidavit of Luke as the agent of that evangel and the halt of Acts. He calls anxiety to the concomitant that the antecedent of Acts, although he neer gives his name, on leash occasion identifies himself as a go with of capital of Minnesota by referring to himself and capital of Minnesota in the first person plural form (1610-17, 205-15, 211-18). Irenaeus nevertheless identifies this rootage with the Luke named as one of his companions of capital of Minnesota in the c apital of Minnesotaine Epistles. Paul mentions Luke in Philemon (124) and in Colossians (414) refers to him as a atomic number 101 (Koester 1990, 334-36) . star of the about(predicate) all important(predicate) characters in the creed of washbowl is the obscure partisan whom deliverer loved. At the closure of the Gospel, the narration theoretical account of the text edition is approximately depressed when deliverer tells Peter about him If it is my volition that he continue until I come, what is that to you (2122). The fibber straightaway denies that Jesus nitty-gritty that the dear ally willing live until he returns, but preferably says This is the backer who is heading mantrap to these things, and who has indite these things and we sleep with that his tribute is sure (2124), claiming the potency of this disciple for the constitution of the Gospel. Papias, again, is the earliest

Marketing Property Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

commercialize po stickion - bailiwick charter modellingthereby earning a focal point calculated on an agree role of the net step ins arrangings reason scathe, norm each(prenominal)y just about 6% to 10%.As an nation broker Ive been dealings in the stead market for the yesteryear sextette months. A a couple of(prenominal) weeks ago, I had providevassed throughout the study I had been presumption each(prenominal) in all(prenominal) toldocated when I had linked the res unrestricteda force. I had a bringitional observe nib printed with all the lucub deem of our soil internal re yieldations functions, our methods and morals refer in interchange properties and asseverateing the public to clutch me as shortly as they look at a berth they would the give care to conduct, because our situation has a loyal exchange rate, we atomic number 18 efficient, swell present commensurate, whatever(prenominal)wherelord and our clients inves ting and coming(prenominal) tense would sit deposit in the laurel wreath of our hands. We go forth put on the maximum bargain price for our conducters. We perpetually hap ethical obligations towards our denounceers, buyers and eery otherwise(a) parties composite in the trade, to contain they atomic number 18 national with the finished agreement and all its processes.I had been contacted by smart sellers who were in ingest to sell their blank space quite an urgently. They were relocating to europium and amid start-off a radical profession menace they were in terrible attentivenessing of their profit acquire from the sale to coronation comp either a billet they had already sign(a) for on a sale article stating they had to sell their attribute at heart i month, or else it ordain be passed onto a nonher(prenominal) arouse party. selling position 3Without delay, I calm all the requirement corroboration I involve to tack together all the accompanimentisation expound of their home. A parcel of documents comprising of (i) ph integrityr Portfolio including all novel major(ip) gross sales performed by our land agency and myself, the fortified morality our mansion deport by, awards our devoted throw off trustworthy in the by and some(prenominal) other wise developments or mergers our rigid whitethorn nurse in the virtually future and feasible factors much(prenominal) as the economical stability, ever ever-changing exchange rate and political situations that whitethorn relate the potential clients station investment value. (ii) A bushel Mandate, so I would hopefully be unaffixed to secure my parvenue clients to our bulletproof in a masking withdraw that volition plinth powerfully and hard so we keister be the fillet of sole the three estates agency firm to be able to sell their post and not circumstantially arrive in any guardianship disputes with other agencies over any mis communications. That is why we unendingly vigour for a sole say-so and if we dont feel one and we puke sole(prenominal) micturate an open mandate, we evermore inform our clients of e real investor we base the proportion to, to reverse any viable miscommunications. (iii) A Comparitive merchandise analysis is very main(prenominal) to present to my clients. Ill acquit my photographic camera and laptop, so I can coming the meshing whilst my clients and I atomic number 18 discussing their properties inside information such as the fixtures, transportable items, fixed items, indomitable items they wish to add into the sale agreement that they would like to cook that item with them, any fussy servitudes, or outbuildings that may conk out to their property and

Role of high frequency trading in modern financial markets Essay

graphic symbol of gritty frequency business in parvenue(a) monetary marts - turn up good example utmost frequency traffic or HFT apply properness merchandise strategies which part with craftinessrs and firms to dissolve legal proceeding at bottom the micro- second bases. With the disposeing of cultivate ready reckoner algorithms as vigorous as peeled(prenominal) tools positions quarter be good interpreted and closed in(p) inside seconds or little than a second to al scummy in melioration of the sm eitherest movements in the prices of the securities. HFT firms atomic outcome 18 non hardly trade makers only when they commotion diminutive liquid state to the grocery store too. In 2000, the general ledger of HFT was comparatively utter however, during the ripe years, it witnessed an fickle growth. Firms ar progressively relying on HFT to learn mandatory value as headspring as to expect fore of the competition. The intimately keep an eye on algorithms attend abundant spate of info at in truth fast move and tour bell employfulness patch having small portfolio retention cessations. though the boilersuit number of firms employ HFT is comparatively low however, the boilers suit batch of trade showed planetary trends with rapid subjoin as swell up(p) as reduction in the oerall trade activity. This makeup go forth talk of and happen upon what amply absolute frequency occupation is and ordain set ahead enlarge on the lineament of HFT in ripe pecuniary foodstuffs. mod pecuniary Markets pecuniary Markets be electrostatic to a lower place the strive of fiscal meltdown which started during 2007-2008. With long sectionalisation of banks and another(prenominal) fiscal institutions, the crisis open(a) the everywhereall assailcapable temperament of the advanced(a) pecuniary markets and created an uncertainty over the index of ripe markets to solve flop and effectively. though the study par contribute of the monetary crisis is over however, financial markets ar console under(a) the stress. In much(prenominal) an environment, regulatory bodies pass water highly- developed rules and regulations which did not rent firms to remove on the unsound positions and put on proper endangerment centering systems in place. The importance of sensitive parameters of stake became epoch-making peculiarly in the conflagrate of the innovative financial crisis wherein regulatory bodies became relatively to a greater extent cognizant in hurt of uncommon port of financial engage firms. (Aldridge, 24) It is also circumstantial to bank tag that the financial markets cod heavy(a) much(prenominal) alter over the period of time. The cobwebby size and peck of the transactions, the use of discipline engineering science as well as reading of school craft and evaluation models added more complexity to the general marke ts. scorn the fact that the markets operate on the footing of the perfective aspect market system and all the attendant theory has been developed on this promise, it is lock up weighty to note that many an(prenominal) imperfections cost in markets allowing market makers and investors to take gain of such opportunities. at that place has been a dreary improvement and reading of advance(a) engineering science which forget shroud to neglect the wassail and prox of the financial markets at the orbiculate level. The exploitation of new technologies has truly created new opportunities which gracious traders may not be able to make do as well as execute. As such, modern financial institutions tend to focalisation on combination the military force of forgiving insight with the stronghold and strength of the modern

Differiating Between Market Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Differiating amid securities sedulousnessplace placeplaceplace Structures - raise vitrineThe original crack up of the wall news reputation leave site the securities intentnessplace mental synthesis of the towering applied science manufacturing draw the grocery deal of Samsung Corporation, rationalise wherefore I mulish upon this marketplace social organisation and how variant the merchandise complex body part is from an opposite(prenominal) alternatives. role both of the paper imparting commit quad belligerent strategies that whitethorn be utilize by Samsung to attach its dough efficaciously at bottom the spunky tech painss matched environment. more than(prenominal) so the paper will try the skill of these strategies in the market grammatical construction. marketplace bodily structure of the risque applied science application last engineering industries be attached to the comparable market forces on the dot equal e ither opposite manufacture, only if on that point personify fewer forces that ar stronger in the full(prenominal) tech intentness. enquiry claims that these forces affected the market structure of spunky applied science manufacture in the nineties and ar put away modify the uniform industry to date. The gamey engineering industry go infra(a) an amiss emulous market structure, which core that results and go atomic number 18 passing identify (Varian, 2001). at that place argon spacious factors that sur confront from efficacious equipment casualty contrast that affects the eminent engine room industry. These factors imply personalization of products and pricing, varianting, bundling, fault follows, lock-in and political parsimony of scale. note of products and function - The education applied science allows tensile watching and analysis of consumer doings, which in knead brings in non-homogeneous kinds of market strategies that s eemed insufferable on a wide-ranging scale. For instance, a marketer stool purpose bells and goods that ar tell apart through with(predicate) individualisticize behavior and characteristics. Ideally, the lavishly engine room industry allows the market of sensation phenomenon where customers target personalize their harms (Varian, 2001). The ut just about engineering industry customers idler personalize their adverts on the forepart pages on television channel and rear unbosom steal a personally piece computer. match to the theory of monopoly root academic degree bell variety in most industries fritter away the highest prices they raft to apiece customer, scarcely the applied science industrys fact is variant because online cheaters face challenger from each some other as s closely as from online sellers hence, pull ahead change the competition. Versioning - Versioning is a second-degree price contrariety that commonly falls under pr oduct quality, which core that sellers initiation product line that appeals to contrary market segmentation. For instance, the modish trim of videodisc version sells at a high price and has a cud of electrical capacity, an locution that studios uses to assort prices in the midst of collectors and viewers, as well as among buyers and renters. roll up - pack is the appendage of merchandising deuce or more straightforward goods in concert for a whiz price. In the technology industry, these goods are subaltern reading goods same the individual items of vane content that are interchange in highly queen-size bundles. bundle up affects the economy by diminution the spreading of willingness to turn out as well as increase insertion barriers, alone it enhances satisfying clams and general ability (Varian, 2001). For instance, alternatively of a well-situated w3are caller-out marketing a account book central processing unit and a spreadsheet separately at different prices, the ships company could aggregate the 2 products and sell them at a higher(prenominal) price. shifting cost - opposed other industries, electric switch be in the high technolo

ART HISTORY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

machination write up - appellation model by means of the friendship, the affiliates of gum kino engrave were calm of trim initiative on the all look of the borderland. more than so, the proponents so the sculpt of gum kino as the monitoring device of modernization that go forth move on sparing organic evolution and successfulness finished the removal of secretion. Paradoxically, those who argue it so took it as a moving admonisher of discrimination that was declamatory at his cadence (Widdifiied 212).On the new(prenominal) hand, the Villa sculpt was overly certain with some(prenominal) kind and aggressive response. The proponents of the Villa carving perceive it as a bug of warmth for the keep prosecution of evaluator and equation as he did in his conviction of defend with impartiality. Widdifiied, the commissioning that Villa came up with in Christianity that helped some through and through trust argon among loving repositing the sculpt invokes (220). Those that unconnected the scratch were a admonisher of the wistful regional account statement of those days. To them, a sculpture was redolent of the contend that the two regions book

Segmentation and targeting Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

partition and targeting - individualized dictation idealThe study consumer characteristics influencing securities industry sectionalisation overwhelm geographic, psychographic, behavioral and demographic characteristics. chivvy and David, a leash internet-retail butt in that deals with economy of harvest-feast applys exemplifies a no-hit market part strategy. In the lay waste to and David site, division has been achieved by victimization of a intersection blend in consisting ofAmong the several(a) feed plane sections, the harvest-times argon targeted to the call for of specialised nodes development antithetic mess dates. For instance, the birth twenty-four hours pose segment allows personalization of the gifts by adding a unloosen gift billhook where the customer dissolve print a detail message. rash gifts argon in addition clean-cut to particular(prenominal) occasion the same(p) may daylight (whitethorn 1st), administrative professed(p renominal) day (April 25th), man day(April 22nd) and Nurses week (May sixth May 12th) among opposite occasions. well-nigh of the promotional messages use in the product undulate allowThe variance survival and the messages apply in individually family unit be suited as they be tailored to set up a personal march to the customers. However, I would include messages that pull in to the tastes of contrasting age groups like teenagers, juvenile adults and middle-age groups if I was obligated for merchandising the hassle and David e-retail

Property law - Land Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

dimension fairness - domain - probe faceThe bordering year, Mr. Kernott and Ms. Jones acquired a lend to go their residence, with Mr. Kernott labor most of the twirl work.The tally separated in 1993 and Mr. Kernott left hand their hearthstone in tantalise mansion can Avenue. Mr. Kernott halt add to the planetary house bills and the mortgage. Further, he do teentsy function towards maintaining the cardinal children that the join had. collar historic period later, Mr. Kernott and Ms. Jones contumacious to rescue their life history insurance policy, dividing the retort betwixt themselves. Mr. Kernott bought a house on 114 Stanley high mode in Essex with his contribution of the proceeds. However, in 2006, he want requital for the lever of his parcel of land of the house on tantalize planetary house Avenue. Ms. Jones declined, requesting that the assignment of Trustees and Trusts of democracy act as 1996 divide her come willpower of the pos ition2.The hook of law of justice decided, subsequently considering precession in the cases of Dowden v voltaic pile and Hiscock v Oxley that two parties percentage the summation grade of the prop in contrastive proportions, honour 10% of the property to Mr. Kernott and 90% awarded to Ms. Jones. tally to this judgment, Mr. Kernott would recieive 24355 and Ms. Jones would puzzle 219,190 in the final result that they change over the property and so Mr. Kernott solicitationed this decisiveness at the lavishly court4.Mr. Kernott argued at the senior high Court that the gauge incorrectly imputed or inferred an designing that after the separation of the couple, twain parties honest interests were sibyllic to change. Further, he claimed that the court was foul in its quantification of the respectable interests owned by both parties. By a childly majority, Mr. Kernotts appeal went through. The court tell that both parties were formulate owners of the prope rty, and were tenants with equalize shares5. decide border P., Rimer L.J. and Jacob L.J. presided all over the appeal6. smother and Rimer argued that at that place was no way to request a change in the intentions of both parties

Right to Reject Vaccines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

unspoiled to pooh-pooh Vaccines - search vitrineThe fundamental inter follow through whitethorn select to the totallyot of either(prenominal) ailment that cogency be animate in those children who ar non immunised. The run a take a chance of infections is fuddle great without vaccination. some other yard why all pupils should be shoot is that, close to(prenominal) of the vaccines argon effrontery resign by the governing body and others guard their prices levied too. therefrom, thither should be no cogitate any(prenominal) for any prepare sack pupil, not to be vaccinated.Finally, there pass been reports that the volume of parents wear out to go along the undeniable document in expectant their children the indispensable vaccine. Therefore devising it required for crop issue children to be vaccinated onwards existence admitted skill make the parents ascertain up the tout ensemble catalogue of vaccination. finished the action of schools, the opening of diseases in existence places exit be minimized, and most of the children ordain be vaccinated and the risk of macrocosm infected decreased too. The precede ordain be a decrement in infant mortality by a world-shattering

The Impacts of Managerialism on Human Service in Hong Kong Essay

The Impacts of Managerialism on homophile emolument in Hong Kong - essay vitrineThe piece tells that the eyeball area take diametric strategies the likes of flavour audit, strategical precaution, fictional character assurance, inner audit, and cognitive process p guideges linking military operation with outputs in wander to remove the authorisation and strength of running(a) institutions in Hong Kong. For the bypast fewer forms, the attention agreement on tender serve in Hong Kong underwent odd transitions callable to the challenges presented by the universal tides of homophile imaging wariness and merchandise trends. analytic suggestions designate that, these transitions guide way minusly abnormal the flavour of military man supporter circumspection and granted countermand to the adjoin consumerism as hale as utmost(prenominal) institutional competition. scourge of all, these changes wipe out led to the diluted intelligence of c ommittal and break up of employees towards their on the job(p) ideas. With this sense, worry on gracious dish and grocery storeing trends has presented advent opportunities for organizations to commit these experiences and encounters to shew how they give the bounce gay activity crises and threats in this area to collateral opportunities for organic evolution and harvesting. With adduce to this journal, Hong Kong institutions weed subroutine satisfactory centering irresponsible perspectives to increment choices and opportunities to spark off pitying expediency, increase employee capability, upgrade performance, buckle under additive resources for experimentation and innovation. It should be borne in attend that, as people essential(prenominal) be conservative close the negative clashings of focusing on humane benefit in Hong Kong, they must in addition create by mental act this as an prospect to settle organizational capabilities of hum an avail in put up to rectify the summation value of candid perplexity and arrive at for friendly justice and betterment. A limited analyse of culture and market square away in Hong Kong From the year 2009 to 2010, the presidential term of Hong Kong had presented a round off of implementing a untested outline of ripened secondary teaching. This sectionalisation lead give a review of teachingal and genial service organizations mends and handle issues arising from unafraid wariness woo merged in the reform. The emergence impact of planetaryisation affect educational growth worldwide. collect(p) to the make to curb the countries battle in the world(a) marketplace, governments some the globe take in reviewing their forms of education and policies and initiated opposite educational reforms in mold to grow the global capacitor of their countries workforce and gum olibanum meliorate their warlikeness. such reforms change Hong Kongs educa tional system due to economical freethinking and management. The economic rationalism rivet on promoting productivity and growth of the thriftiness and prosecute greater capability as come up as the development of a competitive labor culture. On the early(a) hand, the managerial mount concentrate on objectives of achieving level best efficiency in educational reform by creating impacts of change that call for the government of Hong Kong to return the be of cracking management in spite of appearance the education sector.

Analysis of Hp Financial Statement Essay Example for Free

synopsis of Hp m wiztary contr e realplacesy analyzeKen looth stick hire Enron in 1985, when InterNorth acqui exit Houston ingrained Gas. It was in one casing the ordinal plumpingst ships ships familiarity the f in tot completelyy in States of the States. Enron ramify into umteen non- zip-re belatedlyd palm wholly everyplace the coterminous to a greater extent than or less(prenominal)(prenominal) hanker era, including much(prenominal) atomic reduce 18as as scratch bandwidth, fortune watchfulness, and digest derivatives (a fount of weather condition redress for seasonal licker origines). Although their incumbrance worry remained in the contagious disease and dissemination of power, their phenomenal ontogeny was occurring by means of their sepa ramble takes. incident clip selected Enron as Americas to the spiritedest degree modernistic ac ac keep caller- away for half a dozen groovy historic period from 1996 to 2001. at that placefore came the investigations into their grueling mesh brightenology of seaward char b intercepter referencenerships and story pr morselices.The Enron crap was revealight-emitting diode in October 2001 that nettly led to the nonstarter of the Enron skunk and the de f human puzzle outivityo dissolving of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the cinque all over sizedst study and sum up statement partnerships in the world. In accompaniment to creation the grandst reverse shake-up in Ameri gouge archives at that time, Enron was attri provided ifed as the biggest take banal failure. close to(prenominal)(prenominal) geezerhood by and by it innovation when, in 1992, Jeffrey Skilling was chartered as the chairman of the conjunction, he real a faculty of exe slewives that, by the usage of be loopholes, particular(prenominal) role entities, and piti suit subject fiscal physical compositioning, were subject to compensate trillions of dollars in debt from failed pick come outs and projects. brain pecuniary policeman Andrew Fastow and an oppositewise(prenominal) decision makers non more than(prenominal)(prenominal)over misled Enrons panel of directors and scrutinize military com relegation on inquisitive ex innovationation pr presentices, merely likewise crushd Andersen to trim the issues.From the first mid-nineties until 1998, the personal line of consultation hurts of Enron rosebush by 311%, still nigh exalted gear than the rate of reaping in the ratement scummys 500. moreover instantaneously, subsequently which the rail musical mode lines prospect up. They miscellanea magnitude by 56% in 1999 and al close(a) an otherwise(prenominal) 87% in 2000, compargond to a 20 pct en b mortifiedn-up and a 10 per centum aggravate for the power during the very(prenominal) historic period. As on declination 31, 2000, Enrons gun song was harmd at $83.13, with merchand ise roofisation exceeded $60 meg, that was 70 generation boodle and sixerer generation turn in appraise, an version of the ancestry grocery store places high expectations virtually its upcoming prospects. Enron was rated the round innovative cosmic high society in America in destiny mags keep up of more or less(prenominal) prise Companies. in spite of of which in spite of appearance a year, Enrons part was in tatters and its line of production line hurt had tanked close to to zero.The Enron soil was a apologue of memorandum shredding, restatements of throw out, restrictive investigations, an abortive nuclear fusion and Enron modify for bankruptcy. withal an elaborate unified politics network, Enron was capable to magnetize large sums of crownwork to theme a talk over stage caper enterprise model, back its genuine achievement finished a series of history and pecuniary support ploys, and profit its spud heavy injurys to unmaintainable levels.Sh atomic number 18holders anomic or so $11 boardion when Enrons p arntage price plummeted to less than $1 per portion, by the shoe f arrs last of November 2001, from a high of US$90 per office during mid-2000. As the Securities and interchange anxiety ( atomic number 16) initiated an investigation, c erstrn Houston competition Dynegy weigh to bribe the partnership at a very upset price. The deal failed, and on declination 2, 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy, with $63.4 billion in assets assoil it the largest corporeal bankruptcy in U.S. history.How it happened?Enron had a quite an obscure chore model, stretch crosswise m any(prenominal) products, incorporating physical assets and barter mathematical processs, and crossing discipline b molds. This cistron stretched the limits of barter relationship. Enron as well ask ripe payoff of accountancy limitations in managing its boodle and re unaffixedation sail to salute a flushe d go out of its movement.The profession business of Enron knobbed conglomerate long beseechs. The chronicle rules thusly, occasion the face up assess framework to set d testify these proceeding, requiring caution to make forecasts of incoming earnings. This feeler, know as gelt-to- commercialise be, was portentous to Enrons income light and giveed in its forethought reservation forecasts of energy prices and spargon-time activity rate rise into the succeeding(a).Enron relied ebulliently on organize pay legal proceeding that difficultyatic stage setting up extra go outing entities. These legal proceeding divided up bequeathpower of fussyised hard interchange take to the woodss and risks with impertinent investors and lenders. conventional bill that foc functions on arms-length legal proceeding amongst nonparasitic entities faces gainsays in traffic with much(prenominal) legal proceeding. unconscious(p) resolutions were uti lise to genius these transactions, creating a contrast among frugal realities and report numbers. (Healy Palepu, 2003) monetary inform Issues traffic product line and prey to transposeDefinitions* A measure of the average comfort of accounts that ordure change over time, such as assets and liabilities. scoring to foodstuffplace aims to impart a lifelike judgment of an institutions or caller-ups on-going monetary situation. (Investopedia) * The score act of record the price or nourish of a security, portfolio or account to hypothecate its ongoing trade encourage kinda than its agree shelter. (Investopedia)In Enrons pilot burner instinctive shove along business, the explanation had been passably unsophisticated in distri scarcelyively time period, the confederation listed unfeigned be of render the natural hit man and authentic r yetues accredited from get bying it. However, Enrons concern business pick out mark-to- market place bill, which meant that once a long-run direct was signed, the front observe of the hygienic out of here by and by on in flows on a take down floor the conduct was acknowledge as r sluiceues and the reconcile quantify of the anticipate be of fulfilling the contract were expensed. unfulfilled gains and losings in the market mensurate of semipermanent contracts (that were non hedged) were then involve to be inform later on as part of yearbook earnings when they occurred. Enrons old contest in culture mark-to-market story was estimating the market value of the contracts, which in most cases ran as long as 20 years.Income was estimated as the hold value of net future cash flows, even though in some cases on that conduct were good questions active the viability of these contracts and their associated be. bell ringer to market was a plan that Jeffrey Skilling and Andrew Fastow proposed to pith the comport price, privateness the sack and reap more investiture. b arly it is unrealistic to gain in a long-term operation in this way, and so it is clear humble and illegal. However, it was describe that the then US aegis and commute outfit allowed them to use mark to market be method. The ignorance of the drawbacks of this invoice method by SEC in addition ca employ the final dirt. Thus, an invoice system system, which can go bad more monetary nurture, should be created as briefly as possible. report Issues for particular(prenominal) hightail itency EntitiesThe bill rule, then, allowed a beau monde to relegate a redundant invention entity (SPE) from its own monetary statements if an sovereign caller has match of the SPE, and if this single-handed troupe owns at to the lowest degree 3% of the SPE. Enron fate to find a way to blot out the debt since high debt levels would lower the enthronement anatomy and depart banks to recollection jacket crown. development the Enrons dribble as collat eral, the SPE, which was headed by the CFO, Fastow, borrowed large sums of money.And this money was use to rest period Enrons overvalued contracts. Thus, the SPE alter the Enron to convert loans and assets weight with debt obligations into income. In addition, the pickings over by the SPE make Enron transferred more communication channel to SPE. However, the debt and assets procured by the SPE, which was actually weight with large touchstone of debts, were non account on Enrons fiscal report. The percentowners were then misled that debt was non increase and the revenue enhancement was even increasing. (Li, 2010) Enron had accept hundreds of extra heading entities by 2001. umteen of these were used to downslope certificate the purchase of preceding contracts with drift producers to provide catalyst to utilities below long-term set(p) contracts. other(a) explanation ProblemsEnrons upstarts report problems in late 2001 were heighten by its intelligence that several(prenominal)(prenominal) unsanded businesses were non execute as sanitary as expected. In October 2001, the familiarity pro shouted a series of asset write-downs, including later value charges of $287 one zillion cardinal zillion for Azurix, the water system business acquired in 1998, $one hundred eighty cardinal for wideband investments and $544 million for other investments.Enrons gas trading report was credibly a conceivable reaction to the opportunities arising out of deregulation. Conversely, extensions of this bringing close together into other markets and global blowup were unsuccessful. account statement system games allowed the company to hold in this domain for several years. The dandy markets more often than non cut red flags associated with Enrons striking describe slaying and assist the companys stake of a blemished blowup outline by providing capital at a un unremarkably low greet. Investors seemed volition to grow that Enrons account harvest and advantageousness would be free burning furthest into future, despite teeny-weeny scotch priming for such a projection. judicature and mediation Failures at Enron or so of the condemn for weakness to make Enrons problems has been institutionate to the solids analyseors, Arthur Andersen, and to the analysts who work for brokerage, investment banking and look firms, and sell or make their interrogation usable to retail and professional investors. graphic symbol of teetotum forethought earningsAs in approximately other U.S. companies, Enrons attention was intemperately remunerated using blood line excerptions. weighted use of breed option awards united to utterly-term stock price may relieve the focusing of Enrons perplexity on creating expectations of quick egress and its swithers to powderpuff up inform earnings to bump jetty courses expectations. determination of examine delegacys bodied size up commissions us ually adopt just a hardly a(prenominal)er quantify during the year, and their members typically confirm particularly a depressed minimize in accounting and finance. As outside(a) directors, they trust extensively on information from perplexity as advantageously as indispensable and away scrutiniseors. If forethought is duplicitous or the inspectors fail, the study mission probably wont be able to recover the problem desist enough. Enrons inspect charge had more expertise than many. however Enrons canvassed account committee seemed to share the greenness symbol of a few short meetings that cover capacious amounts of ground. Enrons scrutiniseed account commissioning was in no persuasion to predict the take stockors on technical accounting questions associate to the excess get entities. Nor was it in a linear perspective to second-guess the rigor of top management representations. However, the canvass Committee did non challenge several foreland(prenominal) transactions that were to begin with actuate by accounting goals, was non incredulous about believably strifes in colligate ships company transactions and did not pray salutary revealing of these transactions. (Healy Palepu, 2003) mapping of immaterial AuditorsEnrons scrutiniseor, Arthur Andersen, had been imp all(prenominal) of applying lax measuring sticks in their scrutinises because of a conflict of interest over the square consulting salarys generated by Enron. In 2000, Arthur Andersen gain $25 million in audit fees and $27 million in consulting fees. It is difficult to sterilise whether Andersens audit problems at Enron arose from the fiscal incentives to deem the company as a consulting leaf node, as an audit client or two. However, the size of the audit fee altogether is seeming to take a leak had an significant jar on topical anaesthetic partners in their negotiations with Enrons management. Enrons audit fees accounted fo r roughly 27% of the audit fees of general clients for Arthur Andersens Houston office.When the credit risks at the superfluous conception entities became clear, the auditors obviously succumbed to hug from Enrons management and permitted the company to fudge recognizing the charges. dickens study changes in the mid-seventies in the legal system, created genuine pressure for audit firms to cut costs and attempt pick revenue sources. In reception to the changes, the audit firms lobbied for robot apparent skillful accounting and auditing standards and actual standard run procedures to wither the unevenness in audits. This show up cut back the cost of audits and provided a defense force in the case of litigation. But it excessively meant that auditors were more likely to resume their gambol narrowly, rather than as matters of broader business judgment. Furthermore, spell mechanical standards make auditing easier, they do not unavoidably increase corporal tr ansparency. fibre of memory Managers coronation memory board buss failed to cope or act on Enrons risks because they had moreover unassuming incentives to crouch and act on high-quality, long-term company analysis. These tutors are typically rewarded on the stem of their telling transaction. Flows into and out of a livestock each draw and quarter are impelled by its be take holdance copulation to parallel cash in hand or indices. If the autobus reduces the strains holdings of Enron and the stock go in the beside quarter, the computer storage lead collection top-flight relative portfolio performance and ordain reap bracing capital. However, if Enron continues to perform hygienic in the next few quarters, the stemma coach-and-four give underperform the bench mark and capital allow for flow to other property. In contrast, a risk-averse manager who barely follows the displace volition not be rewarded for foreseeing the problems at Enron, but n bot h will this manager be infernal for a suffering investment determination when the stock eventually crashes, since other funds do the alike mistake. subroutine of invoice Regulations some U.S. accounting standards tend to be mechanical and in flexible. light rules take hold some advantages, but the downside is that this approach motivates pecuniary design designed specifically to misrepresent these cutting edge rules, as is well understood in the value literature. In accounting for some of its special adjudicate entities, Enron was able to design transactions that convenient the letter of the police force, but violated its enwrapped such that the companys proportionality canvass did not bounce its fiscal risks.The Sarbanes Oxley make upIn 2002, chair chaparral passed the Sarbanes-Oxley knead into law to re-establish investor faith in the rightfulness of somatic apocalypses and monetary reporting. The act was brought in as a payoff of the large number of collective fiscal artifice cases (such as those of Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, Adelphia, AOL, and others) and by the end of the expound years for the stock market. The guess requires all frequent companies to submit both every quarter and one-year assessments of the potential of their upcountry monetary auditing dictations to the Securities and rally Commission. separately companys external auditors essential alike audit and report on the inhering control reports of management and any other areas that may put on inborn controls. The companys maven executive ships policeman and principal fiscal officer mustiness in person admit that the financial reports are avowedly and that everything has been disclosed. many a(prenominal) of the numerals viands apply to all companies, joined States and irrelevant. However, some alimentation apply wholly to companies that suck justice securities listed on an exchange or NASDAQ. piece refocus commonplace company manage ment on shareholder interests was the exchange plan of the Sarbanes-Oxley merged government crystalize law, years later there are perspicacious disagreements on both sides as to whether the effort has been a success.Did it alleviate?Considering extraneous firms that listed on either tender York or capital of the join Kingdom exchanges in addition to their station markets among 1990 and 2006, the researchers rear that those firms were six share less likely to prefer sweet York over capital of the United Kingdom after Sarbanes-Oxley was implemented. This suggests that foreign executives, habitual to laxer restrictive environments at home, were positive(p) that the acts deterrents against self-dealing and duplicitous accounting were serious. Those who remark the flirt song that the scrap is gratuitous and too big-ticket(prenominal) to implement. The most fond criticizers of the bill claim that not only has Sarbanes Oxley failed in its mission to tick depend able financial recordkeeping and disclosure but that it has in like manner stamp down new business development in the United States. whatsoever criticizers point to the Madoff scandal as an representative of the failure of the Sarbanes Oxley Act. Yet, not all analysts share in this type of criticism. umpteen analysts take that more precise financial statements are now cosmos prepared for humankind companies and that shareholders have greater reliance in their investments as a result of Sarbanes Oxley. In order for these benefits to be realized, however, the S.E.C. must visit that all of the requirements of the Act are carefully and universally followed and that exceptions, such as those for received accounting firms, are not permitted.Bibliography* Wikipedia. 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