One page reflective Ecercise and 10 pages for case study questions Essay

One paginate reflective Ecercise and 10 pages for case study questions - Essay ExampleAdult years Had become a professional Mining Engineer. Had travelled and worked in Portugal, Greece, Fin attain, Morocco, Algeria and Mozambique. Had been fluent in 11 different languages. Had been a roaring single parent of 2 Children, acting practically both as father and mother. 1988 Had migrated to WA with his kids modify with high hopes for a better life for his children. Had been out of worked and was forced to receive handouts of second hand habiliments and food. Had suffered racial discrimination at work, while his kids were spaced in the school. His dream turned into a curse. Had felt miserably a failure. Had felt trapped. Had felt completely isolated and disillusioned. Had felt despair, unwelcome and betrayed. 1- Formulation Form thickening Julio Nunes Nesto UMRN ....................................... Date ........ / ........ / ........ Predisposing Factors Possible Sources of Biol ogical exposure Neurological development or other neurological caper Had polio at the age of two, had become partially paralysed and unable to speak and walk Maternal viral infection during pregnancy N/A Family history N/A Birth trauma innate(p) stigmatized to be an inferior race equivalent to a slave. Possible Sources of Physiological Vulnerability Physical iniquity experienced or threatened Grew up in an environment of oppression and inequality Witnessed family violence N/A Emotional/psychological cry Work discrimination unwelcomed frightened betrayed disillusioned Sexual abuse N/A Physical or emotional neglect Single parent of two without wife to care for him without relatives to run to Other trauma Culture shock in WA living wholly in a foreign cruel night club Bullying in school/community isolation of children in the school deficiency of social support in the community possible Sources of Social Vulnerability Poverty/deprivation Uncertain life in a foreign highly discr iminating farming Alcohol and other drug use (self/others prior teens) N/A Migration (international or intra-national) Migrated to Western Australia ethnical conflict/ alienation/stigma/ lack of supports Experiences worse condition in WA Racism Suffered racism in the workforce, in social settings and his 2 children suffered racism at school. Other forms of discrimination No service to single father parent making it almost impossible for him to find work his children are isolated because of their skin color. Precipitating Factors (what stressors were happening prior to becoming unwell) Oppression and discrimination in his own land Stigmatized by his Portuguese name Single parent of two growing kids Perpetuating Factors (what stressors are still operational or what helps keep the stress going). Racial discrimination of his family in a foreign land Joblessness and lack of opportunity for a decent living for a black single-father parent in WA tattered dream for his two kids Humiliat ed and frustrated Trapped in a cruelly discriminating fellowship Current Problem List as Identified by Client 1. Depression 2. Anxiety overdue to joblessness 3. Prejudice due to racial experienced discrimination 4. Frustration and anger because of failed high expectation Thoughts This society is so cruel it could treat children too unfairly. Racism is a large factor in intellectual health deterioration. I am trapped we can no longer go back to Mozambique. Feelings He felt completely isolated, unwelcome and betrayed. He felt despair, angry, helpless, depressed and disillusioned. He felt humiliated and a miserable failure. Behaviour

American History Since 1900 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American History Since 1900 - Essay showcaseThis paper discusses the work of Harriet Jacobs, Incidents of a Slave Girl, as contrasted with the American Pageant (Kennedy et al, 2001). Harriet Jacobs was a slave in America during the slavery period. She wrote her narrative depicting the difficulty the slaves had. She focused her narrative on the impact of slavery on the black familiarity domestic set-up. Her main focus was sexual exploitation in the woodlet since she was sexually exploited, and focused on how slavery tore up the family set-up. There was a lot of brutality in how the whites handled the blacks who were their slaves. There was arbitrary rule which was engulfed with violence that ensured the slaves were denied any form of opportunity for personal development. In the book American Pageant, she focuses on the economic impact of slave craftiness and states either directly or by implication that the slavery system was democratic and fair as compared to other slaves system s around the world. He delicately applies euphemisms to mask the employ and nature of the black community in the society. The two solutions engender plainly one similarity they both feature the history of American Slavery. However, the authors of the books alike have clear emerge racial disparities that informed their perspectives of expression. The narrative is written by a black woman who seeks to give a voice to the plight of the women slaves in her society, expressing the agony of uncertainty of the future. However, it has been contended that the incidents narratives were written under a pseudonym and, thus, could have been fiction. There has been evidence in forms of letters from respectable people of Jacobs times that validates the authenticity of the book. It then acts equivalent as a platform of self expression and self realization and even as a means of resisting the slavery rule and white supremacy, just like other black narratives. It also serves a personal account of what transpired and the effects the slavery had on the writer. Narratives were written to invoke sympathy to the white community so that they would free their slaves (Kennedy et al, 2001). The book, on the other hand, covers a wider scope from the political arrangements of the time. Further, legislation that legalized slave trade and the positive effects the slaves had in the economy is also covered. Written by white authors who lacked firsthand eff of what really happened, the book fails to show an appreciation of what it means to be a slave and the effects it had on the individuals concerned. It has no platform of self expression, liberalization or supremacy but acts to narrow the thinking perspectives of unripe Americans, which are a form of undermining their freedom of true and accurate information. The book enhances white supremacy since it euphemizes the plight of the slaves and magnitude of their suffering. The book was written in pursuit of advancing academic in the Un ited States and also for fiduciary benefits arising from its sale. In her narrative, Harriet Jacobs shows the productive nature of the black people on the plantations of the white men. The labor they provided was inexpert meaning that the profits obtained from the trading of the agricultural products were quite significant. Further, the slaves lived in a squalid environment because their source of income showed that they could not afford a decent abode. Basic human rights that the world witnesses today were not in

Emerging Language Learners Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Emerging Language Learners - Research Paper ExampleParticularly supportive, was link a concourse with districts more talented in meeting the expectations of the emerging language learner students and equal viewpoints on administrations and methods. The pathologist found that organization administration with different districts is more important in developing strategies in emergence language learning and can proceed more efficiently on a continuously when the districts have a typical vision or reasoning for administrations of students.The pathologist found start that, it requires some seriousness and good strategies for any region with an emerging slope language learner group to create the limit. Then, districts will think that it is valuable to characterize needs as they start to react to English language learner student enlistments. In an interview, the speech language pathologist in districts with emerging English language learner community discovered efforts that concentrat ed on faculty sectors (initiative, proficient advancement, staffing) and effort. While there is no acceptable assessment base to characterize these needs, faculty, effort, and instructional administrations have been highlighted in writing on emerging English language learner communities.In an interview with off-campus special educator, many strategies were pointed unwrap. The educator pointed out that strategy like more teacher talk was mostly employed in learning language.. Having an charge individual administration duty regarding emerging language learner students and for get-together and imparting data about the students and their needs. someone trained staff and giving support to developing qualified staff in the region, and assuring that instructors hear help and preparing to work successfully with emerging language learner students. For the effort, the center has been on advising parents about training and their duty of keeping themselves educated

Cuba Music and AfricanInfluence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cuba Music and AfricanInfluence - Essay ExampleThe basis of Cuban medication is the music of African settlements such as Araras, Bantu, Carabaliez and Jorubas. Such settlements have preserved their authentic cultural traditions, despite the fact that they were forced to construct a catholic morality. At the same time the religion Santeria had been developing and soon it disseminated through the upstanding territory of Cuba. This religion depicted the music of Cuba as percussion instruments argon a part of religion and its worship ritual. By the 20th century the Santeria element have penetrated deeply in the Cuban democratic and folk music, and into the music of other countries such as France, the USA and Jamaica. The native inhabitants of Cuba were Indians that were eradicated by the Spanish colonizers and the Indians music trend arito disappeared as well. Certainly, the emigrants have integrated the peculiarities of their music into the Cuba music. To the famous Cuba composer s belong Esteban Salas, Robredo Manuel, and Haspar Villet. A brier pick up into Cubas unique history will provide us with some insight into these recordings. Cubas particular cultural inheritance is largely the result or two horrendous examples or inhumanity- the annihilation or the indigenous peoples or the island, and the institution or the abominable slave trade which endured for almost 400 age. Spanish colonization began at the end or the 15th century. The Indians or Cuba were exploited, enslaved, murdered and practically extinct within 35 years after colonization began. This explains why there is virtually no Indian in Huence in Cubas traditional or hot music, unlike the countries or Central and South America, where the Indian heritage has played a major role in cultural development. (Gills... This essay approves that the double-sided aspect of Cuban music, which consists of the folklore instruments and popular forms of expression as well as more abstract and complex form kn profess as classical music, are typical for Cuban music. Speaking about classical music it is essential to mention that due to creator of the lack of its representation to the masses and the natural complexity, classical music is ignored by all the Cubans. As the music of the people, the culture of which has rich and diverse folklore, Cuban popular music, which was made out of many popular songs and dance music, overshadowed classical music. African slaves brought to Cuba their national culture and ritual dances. This report makes a conclusion that having researched the diverge of Cuban music by the African melodies, we can make a conclusion that the slaves brought to Cuba by Spaniards had their own culture, which was originated from slavery. They created many melodies and dances and managed to influence the culture of Cuba so deeply and strongly, that new styles of music appeared and became very popular. These styles were brought to other continents and patron create popular mu sical styles. Cuban dances represent an original mix of classical and folk dances, which are unique and deserves attention. Everybody who comes to Cuba is first of all attracted by melodiousness of its inhabitants, which was brought to them by slaves and their own culture created in the heavy conditions. This testifies that Africans have their own unique and very beautiful culture that was recognized in the whole world.

Euthanasia should not be treated as a crime Research Paper

Euthanasia should not be treated as a offense - Research Paper ExampleThis holds more relevant when benevolent unspoileds i.e. canonical rights of the masses which argon utmost important to lead a dignified life in the society are not applauded by them. The exposure to critical diseases same(p) cancer and AIDS will make all soul psychologically very weak and he may develop an element of pessimism towards his life. Some of the diseases like vitiligo and other skin diseases may lead to skin discoloration and they may be subjected to social ostracize and hence leads to stigma and schizophrenia. In these circumstances, the mental strength of the patients may be affected significantly lead to a thought of ending life. In sum, the doorway to sound financial resources plays critical role in deciding the mental strength of any(prenominal) person. It makes people to go for better health care and breeding and social prestige in the society and hence their view towards life will be highly optimistic. On contrary, the people who are financially weak or bankrupt, they face lot of challenges in the make water of ill health status, social prestige and poor education and hence they may become noble to continue their life. Hence, in the event of poor financial status, exposure to critical and life taking diseases and lose of access to basic human rights, the people may live that they are not going to enjoy a quality life in the society and they become highly pessimistic towards leading their life. permit us critically analyze the above mentioned factors one by one. 1. Human Rights Human rights also correct the right to quality of life and right to die along with right to dignity (Griffin, 2008). At any circumstances human rights must be protected or honored in the society. When a person is denied for the access to unattackable health in nursing homes, and good working environment for the workers and lack of intelligent freedom to prisoners, it is under(a)s tood that the right to dignity is at stake and hence the person may feel highly depressed with out any optimism to lead life (Pitcher, 2010). Similarly, when a person is not enjoying good quality nutrition due to lack of access to food along with poor quality family life, his right to quality life is at danger. Their right to die might be considered as a human right due to exceptionally poor quality life and mental trauma and pessimism. It also comes under personal freedom, a basic human right to take decision just about their lives. It is easier to argue that no body should be allowed to take their lives on their own under somewhat legal clauses in some nations. However, it is equally important to note that the mental torture enjoyed by them due to lack of access to basic amenities is quite phenomenal. Unless we become successful in reversing the scenario in the form of provision of basic access to education, health and food to all people, we cant change their idea of taking thei r lives. 2. Diseases In addition to issue of human rights, diseases play vital role in shaping the persons thoughts about his life. Many patients with serious illnesses have transient thoughts about ending their lives (Carter, 2010 Smith, 2006) in the form of euthanasia or mercy killing. Hence, the moral grounds of euthanasia or mercy killing needs to be examined well before coming to a conclusion whether euthanasia should be treated as a crime or not (Hermsen and Have, 2002). It was reported that about 26% of physicians were

Human systems-Co-ordination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human systems-Co-ordination - Essay ExampleThe endocrines emerged by the secreter effect on growth, inner development, metabolism and system of re intersection. Pituitary Gland consists of anterior pituitary and posterior Pituitary (Endocrine System)Growth hormone - stimulates growth in early days and is vital for keeping up a strong consistency composition. In grownups it is also responsible for retaining muscle mass and bone mass. It can influence fat tryst in the body.Antidiuretic hormone - is stored in the posterior pituitary gland and adjusts water balance. Improper release of this hormone, this can lead to salt problems and water balance, and could can affect the kidneys.The hypothalamus is division of the brain that lies just all over the pituitary gland. It discharges hormones that begin and end the release of pituitary hormones. The hypothalamus regulates hormone production in the pituitary gland by several releasing hormones. Some of these are growth hormone-releasin g hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and corticoptropin-releasing hormone, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (The hormone Foundation)Humoral factors care to build up the lymphoid system, which is a system throughout the body that facilitate it to achieve a mature immune response in cells to defend them from attacking germs and bacteria. (Definition of Thymus)Pineal Gland has long been stake for the medical experts. It is located at the center of the brain It secretes a hormone called melatonin. Melatonin regulates sleeping habits. Studies prove an increase production of this hormone when night falls and thus people feel sleepy when morning arrives the melatonin production drops which triggers alertness. (Dr. Gary Farr 2003)These are males twin reproductive glands that produce a hormone called testosterone. Testosterone assist a boy build up and then continue his sexual behavior. Throughout puberty, testosterone aids to carry around the physical modifications that turn a boy int o an adult

Advantages and Disadvantages of a PRP System Research Paper

Advantages and Disadvantages of a PRP System - Research Paper ExamplePRP system was a big opinion of the late 1980s. It was viewed as the answer for motivating people and developing their surgical procedure. Nearly 40% of the organizations used in 1998 for management, 25% for non-management. The wave turned reverse PRP in the 1990s when the previous schemes were not delivering the expected results. across-the-board innovations in compensation systems and, in particular, a variety of attempts to link pay to a measure of performance have been witnessed in recent years. Those innovations have been related to coarser initiatives in order to improve the performance of organisations and in particular efforts to increase employee involvement. On the whole, there has been systematic research on the effects of performance-related pay (PRP) schemes. Also, animated results seems a little bit contradictory, with some studies suggesting that PRP schemes might have a positive influence on org anisational performance. The majority of existing research focuses on individual-based PRP, especially piece-rates, in spite of the existence of a wide variety of schemes that are neither based on individual performance nor even a transparent measure of output. Many PRP schemes focus on paying to a work-group or firm performance measures. Some, on the other hand, is based on subjective measures of output, such as merit pay. There are overly schemes that link a component of pay to the profits of the organisation or offer employees shares in lieu of cash as forms of team PRP scheme. Furthermore, these can also be regarded as similar to PRP schemes, although involving a very indirect link between performance and pay.

Design a Human Resources Plan for the Radiology Dept. of a new Research Paper

Design a Human Resources Plan for the Radiology Dept. of a unfermented small-town hospital - Research Paper ExamplePerformance management focuses on low-performers, but it adapts a substantiating approach by availing the instrument for employees to advance their feat or efficiently utilize their abilities. Any system of ruless overall performance management system has three sequential stages (Armstrong & Baron, 2005).The first stage is cookery this involves determining the behaviors and results that will be expected from every member of the organization. The second step is execution which entails providing feedback, coaching, and focus during the appraisal period to improve performance. The last step is evaluation which entails identifying and discussing strengths and weaknesses during the appraisal period (Grote, 1996). To map off performance management for the radiology department, the manager requires a sample evaluation to determine the different goals and performance to wards achieving each of these goals. In this case the sample evaluation will also provide a means of rating individual performance under the different performance measures.The merit plan determines the score under each of the discussed competences. The merit plan provides the final score and position of the employee based on the predetermined goals (competencies) this is native in determining follow-up action such as training, promotion or rewards.Employee recognition programs croupe enhance employee relations by communicating that the organization cares about its employees ideas and is willing to reward them for their efforts. WorldatWork and RPI carried out a research on employee recognition programs and underlined that companies which employ the programs retain their best and brightest employees. According to RPI, recognition is one of the well-nigh effective ways to reinforce an organizations culture, support its objectives, and retain top performer. Looking at these proven

Compare and contrast the possible biological risks and hazards when Essay - 2

Comp atomic number 18 and line of descent the possible biological risks and hazards when using Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ultrasound (US) when imaging a pregnant patient - Essay ExampleWith the type of diagnostics required, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scan, and ultrasound (US) are apply each of these diagnostic methods has both detrimental and beneficial effects on a normal pregnancy.During the first trimester organogenesis takes place in the fetus, teratogenic substances from the environmental will cause organ agenesis and mal conventionations, also death of the fetus is very seeming (Holmes, 2011). The teratogens can be in the form of chemicals and radiations, which the mother is exposed to in the environment. With the basic knowledge on teratogenic substances and effects on the fetus, it is outstanding that risks and benefits of any diagnostic methods are determined.This is a non-invasive method that uses of narrow beam x-ray to scan sequential layers of tissue in the body for a cross sectional view. This diagnostic method is reliably used in diagnosing pelvic, neurological, skeletal abdominal thoracic conditions and cancers (Shetty, 2010). During pregnancy, it is used to diagnose congenital malformations such as neural tube defects tumors and hemorrhagic conditions in the fetus. However, when the CT scan is done in pregnancy it is likely to bring about the fear of teratogenic and carcinogenic effects due to the ionizing radiations to the growing fetus. The effects are more pronounced when the fetus is in the field of view during the procedure as chances of exposure to the beams are increased.Frequent exposures to the CT scans can also bring about stochastic effects through cause DNA changes in the fetus (Pommier et al., 2009). CT scan has been associated with use of contrast dyes to obtain clear images. barium and other iodine based intravenous chemicals are used in the process howev er, these chemicals have waste effects to the growth of the fetus and the health of the mother. Manriquez et al. (2010) also found out that the existence of maternal preeclampsia as an

Catherine the Great in Russian History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Catherine the grand in Russian History - Essay usagePeter the Great (1682 1725) was fascinated by western Europe and its advancements in the late 1600s so he took steps to modernize Russia and set up economic programs, a strong armed forces and a concentrate administration. However, due to hostilities with his son, Peter the Great failed to designate a successor. This led to a power vacuum aft(prenominal) his death. In 1762, Peter III became Tsar but he was weak and incompetent so he was overthrown and murdered. His wife, Catherine, a German Princess from Pomerania took over affairs of the Kingdom when Peter III passed on. Catherine ruled till 1796. This report card looks at the plans of Catherine the Great and the major areas she changed in Russia as well as an evaluation of her contribution to Russias Westernization and modernization. Plans of Catherine the Great The plans of Catherine the Great can be seen in some inherent elements of her lifestyle and the principles she em braced as a ruler. Catherine showed much originality than any previous ruler of Russia and than most rulers at the time in Europe (Madariage 206). This means that there are some elements in her actions that showed her intentions to improve her country. First of all, her background as a Western European showed that she had a tendency to tilt Russia towards a modernized nation that was on the same level as her German homeland. Thus, it comes as no surprise that she had several inclinations that were similar to Peter the Great who also had a connection to Western Europe. Secondly, there is evidence that Catherine had strong connections to the Enlightenment that was going on in Western Europe during her reign. Gillespie writes that Although she was quite young, Catherine was deeply invested in acquiring knowledge and became intellectually and politically astute, mainly by means of reading and writing, (285). This shows that from the onset, she had a vision of changing her kingdom to match up with other Western European nations. A further evidence is given by Viault who states that Catherine corresponded actively with Voltaire and other prominent eighteenth-century thinkers (130). This indicates that Catherine was open to impertinent ideas and was ready to link up the country with the other changes that were going on around her kingdom. From these pointers, it is logical to estimate that Catherine the Great had a plan and an intention of Westernizing Russia when she took power. However, the realities on the ground made it quite difficult for her to get a line her plans. Implementation of her Plans In order to Westernize Russia, Catherine believed that there was the need to change and modify the educational corpse of the country. One of the earliest things that Catherine did was to put in place an educational carcass that was designed to develop individuals intellectually and morally with the end of equipping them with knowledge and skills that would support a perceive of civic responsibility and committal to the state (Riasonovsky 12). This is because there was a sharp contrast between Russia and Western Europe. And this contrast lied in the fact that the vast majority of Russians were serfs who were forced to remain loyal to the nobles who ruled them. Thus, to promote a sense of national unity and national pride as Russians, she put in place an educational system that promoted national integration as well as independent thinking in order to mastermind the people for a Westernized model of nationhood. With the educational system in place, Catherine set off to nurture a system of governance that was similar to the Western nations. Catherine went on to issue the Instructions which was a set of laws that were meant to differentiate and respect the rights of

Geography final project ( analysis of articles and question summary.) Research Paper

Geography final project ( analysis of articles and question summary.) - Research written report ExampleThe counter-contention is that if founder arrangement can quicken development in medium-measure development focuses, and if critical parcels of the otiose profits head off to expanded amounts of transients from slacking hinterland ranges, at that point this system is in force(p) from a national perspective (Skop and Li). Decentralization of center closely government managerial exercises and open ventures from the biggest urban communities Movement to urban communities additionally evacuates repetitive work at from horticulture in spite of the fact that gainfulness may be flat and fall in the over-burden tertiary division of numerous urban areas, it is still higher than gainfulness in agri dividing line. Furthermore backup arrangement in the city lays open the vagrant to modernizing impacts and enhances his shots to get aptitudes, however unassuming. Due to the self-improving nature of squatty settlements the United Nations Center for Housing, Assembling, and Planning now focuses on the acknowledgement and underpin of their longer run cosmos and of sufficient preplanning for their fate advancement. Then again, it is affirmed that endeavors to clear such settlements ordinarily squander panic open assets and irritate the issues of the individuals concerned. Meeting of Japanese prefectural for every capita salaries began to show up around 1961 and proceeded in agree with the most elevated rate of monetary development. This wonder seems to have been brought about by joining in pay rates around distinctive parts of the economy, which in turn came about because of tightening of work markets. Asians immigrants in New York State In spite of the fact that Asians remain a generally insignificant part of the aggregate populace, right now less than 5 percent-they are around the quickest ontogeny racial/ethnic minorities in the United States today. In connection , the aggregate U.S. populace developed by 13 percent throughout the 1990s, from 248.7 million to 281.4 million. Fast and sizable populace development is attributable basically to the way that Asians now explain just about one-third of all movement to the United States. In the most recent some decades, the mix of modifying worldwide economies, geopolitical settings, and movement approaches has set in movement current and noteworthy streams of relocation from Asia to the United States (Bergman). Workers from India and China, particularly, are decently ready for, and fit into, the occupation needs of the globalizing U.S. economy. Transients from the aforesaid(prenominal) two nations are actively selected by both the U.S. government and U.S. multinational partnerships for their specialized know-how, entrepreneurial abilities, and business associations with quickly developing abroad showcases. Information from the Citizenship and Immigration Service (once in the past the Immigration a nd naturalization Service) demonstrate that India and China are the heading supporters of both work based outsiders (al-for the most part 39 percent of the U.S. add up to in 2002) and H-1b makeshift laborers (with a heightened of practically 60 percent in 2001) (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service 2003). Therefore, numerous Asian Indian and Chinese migrants land in the U.S. with the abnormal amounts of training, happy preparing, or money related assets

African american essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

African american - Essay ExampleHowever, even though blacks had to go such conditions, the diverse African nuance was still embroidered in their emotional state which remained aside of them as observed by Margaret Walker in her quotes, i.e. they still practice and held their norms from the past centuries to the present, avoiding the white culture despite the humiliating actions they were put through.This happened in the 1700 era where there was massive striver trade in the westbound African region. Millions of African descend were sold to the America and European countries. It was carried out in ternary parts hence the name Middle Passage. First, the Europeans carried goods such as firearms, iron, clothes and many more to the West African countries. On arrival, millions of people were captured and taken by force inform of slaves for exchange of goods. In fact, one of the slave narrates how her mother was forcefully taken and the only message she left that he be a good boy. The sl aves were so shipped to America where the Europeans exchanged them for commodities such as sugar and cotton which were shipped to European countries.Captives were then left in America. Here they were exposed to various oppressions by the whites. First, whites had big tracks of land which were to be cultivated. The slaves were agonistic to work on those plantations producing crops while suffering severe tortures. Indeed they worked tirelessly on the plantations, with almost no food offered to them, while any complain would result into ruthless agony which caused them physical pain, castrating many deaths among the captives. This is shown from the slave narrative video where the slaves were subjected to thrashing while they were naked.The slaves were also made to bear inhuman housing conditions. galore(postnominal) people were put into small rooms. They had to excrete in containers provided to them in the rooms if not cubes, it was irritating and zany (Inikori and Stanley,

(Genetic Analytical Report ) exmamine the postive &negative effects of Essay

(Genetic Analytical Report ) exmamine the postive &negative effects of providing patrents with information on their genetic pred - analyze ExampleFollowing recommendations were made based on look for Recommendation 1 Increased bills argon required to further the research and implementation of preachings for genetic diseases. If they are provided with sufficient funds, hospitals and health help centers will be better able to offer treatment for the genetic diseases. Recommendation 2 tertiary schools and medical colleges should be given incentives to include genetics in the curriculum and develop the awareness of the advantages of sensitiveness to genetic diseases in the students. Recommendation 3 Develops an educational campaign to make people aware of the uses of treatment before diagnosis of disease. This will generate an incentive for the people to seek treatment. Recommendation 4 Reforms are required to release funds for genetic research. Recommendation 5 An official camp aign needs to be launched on national level to promote investigation of genetic diseases in the rural areas. Recommendation 6 Laws should be formed in order to enhance the safety and maintenance of secrecy of the patients sensitivity to genetic diseases. ... 2 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Purpose and audience Study of genetics has played an important role in the transformation of the Australian health care industry for the better. Study of genetics has enabled patients to take care of their health based on their knowledge of the genetic traits. This say discusses the historic effect of the study of genetic sensitivity to diseases and ways to increase its positive effects and decrease the negative outcomes for the Australian people. The information will specially be conveyed to the Australian Minister for Health and Ageing, Hon Nicola Roxon MP. The paper will compile results of the old research close the area-wise division of the genetic study and its clinical implications. The paper ten ds to draw implications for future based on the past research and trends in different countries of the world. The paper will particularly find the extent to which genetic research and practice prevails in Australia and ways to further both of them. 1.2 Scope There has occurred a lot of technological advancement since the onset of the 21st century. The word genetics is used to refer to the study and effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme genes. Genomics, on the other hand refers to the study of the way different genes interact with each other as well as with such environmental factors as nutrition and medication (Engstrom et al. 2005). The scope of this research report is limited to the exploration of positive and negative effects of making the people aware of their genetic predisposition to diseases. The information will be particularly useful for the healthcare minister of Australia in making sensible decision for making laws and providing resources for the hospitals to do gen etic tests within the limits imposed by laws. 1.3 Background The Human Genome

(a research proposal ) Employee satisfaction and firm performance Essay

(a research proposal ) Employee rapture and firm performance - analyse Examplee are many studies, articles and research devoted to client satisfaction, but the writings, theories and strategies related to employee satisfaction with job are few. The ideas that employee satisfaction is related to productivity in the same degree as customer satisfaction, appeared at the beginning of 90s, and it was confirmed in the practice and experience of various companies. The number of studies devoted to this paradox constantly grows.The authors of the article, mentioned above, provided a scheme, defined as the service profit chain. (p. 15) This scheme included for each one necessary element of achieving success and prosperity for the company. These authors investigated experience of various companies from different branches of industry, and made important conclusions. They insisted that the correlation of employee and customer satisfaction with the profit directly influence companys performa nce. The results of the study provided a land for new patterns of managing success in business. The methods they observed, concentrate on the effect of employee job satisfaction and performance on the value of products and services delivered so that managers can build customer satisfaction, loyalty and assess the corresponding bushel on profitability and growth. (p. 17) The authors add that ...the lifetime value of a loyal customer can be astronomical, especially when referrals are added to the economics of customer retention and repeat purchases of related products. (p.17)The authors note Putting employees and customers in the spotlight is common to Quality programs. As anyone working in support of Quality knows, Quality doesnt just happen. Those running a company must be fully committed to it. In the reason of the companies under discussion, their CEOs and top managers exhibited a special kind of leadership. CEOs of exemplary service companies emphasize the importance of each e mployee and customer. For these CEOs, the focus on customers and

Reaction paper for international studies lectures Essay

Reaction paper for international studies lectures - Essay ExampleThe relationship between the delivery and globalisation is only based on positive impacts and change. While defining globalization, Norberg (2003) points out that globalization is a way in which nations can share the same platform of trade with minimized legal and incorporate requirements. He regards this definition as the main reason behind the development of many nations from under unquestionable countries to developed and developing countries.Apart from economic growth, globalization has led to many other positive changes in the late society. Norberg (2003) cites gender equality, improved education and a more efficient way of fighting global crimes much(prenominal) as terrorism as other significant changes impacted by globalization. In his arguments and theories, Held & McGraw (2007) argue that globalization creates a united globe that greatly depends on each other for excellence.Norberg (2003) creates well form ulated antisubmarine arguments in support of globalization. In his arguments, he acknowledges the most important positive changes globalization has impacted in the global front (Norberg, 2003). He cites significant reduction of poverty and hunger across the globe as one major importance of globalization (Norberg, 2003). With globalization, poverty and hunger are effectively addressed as global bodies and nations have steeped up the efforts to eradicate the two problems. Additionally, Norberg (2003) argues that globalization has increased the level and spread of democracy. crossways the globe people have the freedom of speech and decision making regardless of the cultural or social affiliations. Kalder (2000) as well points out that the increased gender equality can be attributed to the rising levels of globalization.Kalder (2003) also depicts globalization with positive perception. The most important argument in her literary piece is that globalization is the root to wars experi enced across the globe. She points out that

The monopoly market structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The monopoly grocery coordinate - Essay recitationIn monopoly the output level is less and creates unemployment of the resources. The resources be not properly and efficiently utilized as compared to separate market constructions. In such market the harm is greater than the marginal court which becomes a burden on the consumers. The consumers are not satisfied with the production as the price is high and the availableness of the product is deject to create artificial scarcity - by this way the market can put on high profits(Gartner, 2009). Such a market structure is considered inefficient as it provides an advantage that the market is in interdependent. It lets an authorisation manipulate price to augment profit whereas in perfect competition the actions of each firm is dependent and the firm cannot charge high prices because of competition. (Economics Help) The monopoly is inefficient in allocation because the price is greater than the marginal cost. By increasing the p rice of the product the market can earn higher profits as compared to other market structures (Green region in the above graph), but by reducing the price of the product (PM to P1) the market will stomach to sell more quantity of the product (QM to Q1) which will be the combined firing of both the consumer and the producer surplus (Pink region in the above graph). The Average Cost (AC) curve is higher than normal which shows that monopoly is productively inefficient because monopolist does not have to face competition to reduce cost to the lowest possible level. It means that the monopoly is ineffective in the production of goods (Williamson, 2008). Monopoly markets rarely innovate as they are aware that there are no competitors in the market, and they are the sole producer of the product whereas in perfect competition the products are timely and...This essay presents modern comprehensive analysis of the disadvantages of the monopoly market structure with comparison to other types . Still, it is shown that in the paper, it is preferable to have monopoly market structure among gas and electric companies, piddle companies, local telephone companies. If the cost is very high to operate a businesses, then it is better to have one company rather than several firms because it will allow the company to lower their average be through economies of scale thus, the customers will get the product or service at a lower price.Monopoly market structure is considered inefficient as it provides an advantage that the market is independent. It lets an authority manipulate price to increase profit. In monopoly the output level is low and creates unemployment of the resources. The resources are not properly and efficiently utilized as compared to other market structures. The monopoly is inefficient in allocation because the price is greater than the marginal cost.This market structure gives an opportunity to create supremacy over the sector and eliminates threats from competito rs as the firm established itself in the industry. With no substitutes available in the market, the sector can produce quality goods efficiently and can reduce its general average cost because of the high fixed cost that has been incurred in order to manage such a business. The sector has complete control over the output level of the commodity, and it provides the sector with an advantage to influence the price

Research Paper on Americans with Disabilities Act Essay Example for Free

Research Paper on Ameri can buoys with Disabilities stage EssayBefore starting this class and e exceptionally the research paper, I knew very little rough the adenosine deaminase. During the period of research and writing the paper I hope to obtain a better wait on the ADA in general. But I also hope to learn somewhat things that my accepted bug out of employment can improve our mensurations when it comes to those with disabilities. The ADA was signed into rectitude on July 26, 1990 by thence chairwoman George H. W. Bush. It prohibits discrimination based on dispower and only impairment. It is to a greater extent or less similar to the Civil Rights mould of 1964.Implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act. Blackwell Publishing. General Discussion Analysis The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) is a civil-rights law that was passed on July 26, 1990 (Acemoglu). Kathryn Moss suggests that the ADA is arguably the almost important civil rights law for p eople with disabilities and the most significant since the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The ADA is a federal legislation that forbids discrimination of various assortments and allows the 43 million Americans with disabilities an equal opportunity for employment and services.It provides fairly similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics illegal. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines being disabled as incapacitated by illness or stigma also physically or mentally impaired in a way that well limits body process especially in relation to employment or education. The law was written enable people with disabilities to non only enter the job market but to also remain employed.In the late 1980s, a House of Representatives report came to a conclusion that more than 8. 2 million disabled individuals were unemployed condescensio n their desire to work. Also, those disabled individuals earned 36 to 38 percent less than their counterparts (Faillace). correspond to Gary Dessler, employers with 15 or more workers argon prohibited from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities with regard to coatings, hiring, discharge, compensation, advancement, training, or other terms, conditions, or privileges of employment.It also says that employers mustiness(prenominal) make originable registrations for physical or mental limitations unless doing so imposes an undue hardship on the business. It not only prohibits discrimination in employment but also outlaws most physical barriers in humans modifications, transportation, telecommunications, and government services. Although the ADA does not specifically list either disabilities, the Equal Employment luck Commissions (EEOC) guidelines disk operating system that when an individual has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limit s one or more major life activity then the individual is in point disabled.It goes on to state that impairments can include any(prenominal) physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of some(prenominal) body systems, or any mental or psychological disorder (Dessler). Among the protected classes atomic number 18 psyches with AIDS and substance abusers who are in treatment. Some 50 million current or potential workers are estimated to be cover by the laws provisions (Columbia Encyclopedia). However, the act does list some conditions that are not to be meaned as disabilities.These include homosexuality, bisexuality, voyeurism, haughty gambling, pyromania, and accepted disorders resulting from the current illegal use of drugs (Dessler). The act has already been much litigated. In 1999, for instance, the U. S. Supreme solicit ruled that correctable conditions deal eyesight requiring the use of glasses do not qualify as disabilities downstairs the act, and a 2002 decision established that a disability must limit a persons ability to work out tasks of central importance not just in the work turn up but in free-and-easy life (Fielder).Studies suggest that the number of disabled persons entering the workforce has not improved significantly, and that a contribute factor may be their reluctance to lose other benefits available to them on the basis of their disabilities (DeLiere). Although the Presidents Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities reports that the cost of making an accommodation for an employee with a disability averages around $200 per employee with many costing less than $50. But espite this relatively small cost, many employers are gloss over stereotyping disabled individuals and fear that the accommodations may disrupt the workplace (Blanck). Dale Brown states there are several myths regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act. He says the ADA does not give you the rig ht to a job because you contain a disability. You must be qualified and compete and you may be rejected from a job just like anyone else. It does not give extra points in getting a job, the ADA is not an affirmative military action statute.That is, its not intended to make up for past discrimination by requiring the employers hire a certain number of people with disabilities or giving them incentives to do so. It also does not allow any special privileges on the job. Although sometimes reasonable accommodation might look like special privileges to other people, you have the same responsibilities and challenges as your fellow employees. In essence, you still must be as qualified or more qualified than a fellow prospective job applier in order to hear the position.There will be no punishment for the employer if the disabled applicant is not hired because of the dickens applicants qualifications. TITLE I-Employment Title I of the ADA contains the laws employment provisions. This is where the law states that private employers (the exact term in the law is covered entity) with 15 or more employees must not discriminate against qualified individuals with disabilities. A qualified individual is a person that can perform the essential duties and functions of a job or position with reasonable accommodations.One may see a potential loophole with the act based on those two words reasonable accommodations. The definition of reasonable accommodations on with any other possible complaint against a corporation is taking on a fictional character by case basis. But much(prenominal) accommodations are required only if making them does not place an undue hardship on the employer (Moss). Title I applies to all aspects of ones job including application procedures, hiring, promotion and discharge, workers compensation, job training, and more (Blanck). Another aspect of the job that is covered at a lower place the ADA is if a prospective job applicant is related o or as sociated with a person who has a disability. For example, if an employer will not hire someone because they may think the prospective applicant would be too consumed with taking care of the disabled person, it would be illegal for the employer to not hire the applicant for that reason (Brown). Cases filed against employers regarding Title I tend to be not cases approximately fact but rather about personal and social attitudes because they tend to involve the states of mind of the various players in the story (Krieger).Krieger goes on to state that juries and judges are asked to imagine the state of mind of an employer who was faced with hiring an applicant or not hiring an applicant that is, for example, obese. Or to fire an employee who has nonsymptomatic AIDS. In many cases it comes down to the personality and presentation of the person or persons under trial rather than the facts, because there may not be any facts, just allegations. An employee must perform the essential funct ions, those activities that are intrinsic to a job.The essential functions are determined individually for each job. However, an employee is still considered as a qualified candidate or employee if it only takes reasonable accommodation to meet the functions of the job. According to Dale Brown, making reasonable accommodations usually means removing obstacles from the job, the workplace, or the terms and conditions of employment that would other than prevent an otherwise qualified person with a disability from doing the job. He goes on to give an example of what reasonable accommodation may be.He states that computers and calculators are reasonable accommodations that may help many people whom have erudition disabilities or dyslexia with routine arithmetic and proofreading functions. Also, in order for an employer to make these reasonable accommodations to the workplace, they must have experience of the disability of the applicant or employee. If the employer is not made aware of the disability they may not be held responsible for any discrimination. The discrimination can not take place until the disability is actually disclosed. eventide then, the employer is legally allowed to ask for medical documentation and evaluate it before they determine whether or not the betoken is appropriate (West). Meaning, the burden of proof that the disability substantially limits a major life role lies on the applicant or employee on with their health provider. Not only must the health care provider and applicant or employee prove that a disability is present, but must also prove that the pass on accommodation is a necessity to perform their job. If the employer will not make the accommodations, the applicant or employee can pay for the accommodation out of their own pocket.Ruth Colker states that if an applicant or employee offers to pay for the accommodation, the employer can not say no unless it is disruptive. So again, it is up to the jury or judge to determine what is and what is not disruptive. This is again why each ADA case or complaint is handled differently and there is no real(a) precedent in these cases. TITLE II-Public Services Title II has two different sections. One that covers everyday entities and the other is specific to open transportation provided by worldly concern entities.The section that covers public agencies includes local, county, state government and their departments and agencies. Title II covers all activities, services, and programs of the public entities (Americans). The first section includes entities like schools, city governments, and fire stations. availability means that each program is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities. Program accessibility is obligatory not only for individuals with mobility impairments, but also for individuals with vision and hearing impairments (Americans).Meaning leaders of the entities request to consider not only physical obstructions such as door s and restrooms but also visual and hearing barriers such as accessible building signage, public telephones and alarms with visible signals. The second section, which covers the public transportation of the aforementioned public entities, includes services operated by state and local government by regulations of the Department of Transportation. It also includes facilities used for the public transportation systems such as bus stations, railway stations and airports along with vehicles used in public transportation (Americans).Again, the basis for this title is that no qualified individual with a disability will be subjected to any sort of discrimination by a public entity. It also states that the individual not be deprived of any benefits of services or activities of the public entity due to the disability as well. Any sort of accessibility or service that is lacking from any of the public entities can be considered discrimination no matter of who it actually affects. TITLE III- P ublic Accommodations Title III of the ADA is the title that applies to private entities such as hotels, stores, gas stations, etc.It is very similar to Title II just in regards to the different character of business entity that it covers. It prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability by public accommodations and also in commercial-grade facilities (Brown). It also prohibits the discrimination on the basis of disability by any person who owns or operates a place of public accommodation. However, entities that are controlled by religious organizations, including places of worship, and private clubs are both not covered by Title III. Although private clubs are not covered, their facilities are made available to customers of a place of public accommodation (West).The public accommodations must also provide auxiliary aids and services when they are necessary to ensure effective communication with those with hearing, vision, speech, or similar impairments. TITLE IV- Telecommuni cations Title IV of the ADA requires that all United States based local or long distance telephone services must provide a electrical relay service for those individuals that are deaf or hard of hearing along with those with speech impediments. Also, people with TDDs (Telecommunications Device for the Deaf ) and TTYs (Teletypewriter) who are calling those with out TDDs or TTYs and vice versa can make a call through a relay service.The relay service will transmit the call using TDD/TTY or voice depending on the need (Joffee). Today, there are multiple sources of TDDs and TTYs available through the internet using broadband connections. TITLE V-Miscellaneous Provisions Title V includes miscellaneous provisions that relate to the application of the ADA. Some of the more notable provisions are The ADA shall not be construed to apply a lesser standard than that already in existence underSection 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 or to invalidate any state or local laws which have stri cter provisions. The ADA will not prohibit an insurance company from using sound actuarial data to administer risks, even if the effect is that people with disabilities will be charged more or denied coverage, but it must not be used as a subterfuge to deny coverage. The ADA shall not be construed to require a person to accept an accommodation (Acemoglu). Conclusion The ADA was instituted to help even the playing field for those with disabilities.But in some ways it has actually discouraged employers from hiring candidates with disabilities due to the perceived extra cost and effort it would take to hire a disabled person. Another reason for criticism is that many lawyers have made a living out of suing non-compliant businesses. There has also been research that concludes the number of disabled employed has actually declined significantly since the passage of the ADA. So while the ADA was instituted for all the right reasons, maybe the plan hasnt been perfected and it is lacking so me effectiveness to date.

The Effects of Parental Abuse of Alcohol on Children of Alcoholics Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Parental horror of Alcohol on Children of Alcoholics EssayAn estimated 6. 6 one thousand million chelaren under the get along of 18 are living with an intoxicant capable elicit. These minorren are a great deal subjected to a disheveled life style which affects them mentally, emotionally and physically. Researchers rich person examined the many ways in which this disease impacts fryrens lives and if the life style or patrimonials of the addicted parent leads to a greater risk of colony as the Child of the alcohol grows older. Addiction opposely affects allone around it, especially children.The Effects of Parental Ab utilisation of Alcohol on Children of Alcoholics Researchers energize long analyze the different effects maternal(p) engagement and make fun of alcohol has on children. They hurl used many methods of study and asked many different questions. Questions of a sensitiveness to alcoholism through a genetic link have been posed as well as the possibility of it macrocosm hereditary. The emotional effects parental alcoholism has on a child have been examined, reexamined and examined again.Researchers have wondered if the child(ren) of an alcohol dependent parent is in any way physically different so the child(ren) of a non-dependent parent. They have posed the thought that children of drenchings (COAs) are at a greater risk for colony to centre of attentions later in life. Researchers have suggested that inappropriate look is a direct result of their parents alcoholism, and that COAs perplex a different childhood past(prenominal) non-COAs.Sociological searchers have asked if the child loses its identity as the child and takes on a different role in the family, or if the adjustments made by the family to this dependance hinder the growth of the child as a social being. Psychological researchers have examined the possible stunts in the psychological and developmental growth that a child may encounter when p laced in the stake of COA. A medical researcher may look for a gene that is prevalent in the deluge but missing in the non- soaking to try an answer if the COA will have that gene and if in that location is a cure.They may try and decree a medical reason for the tendency for alcoholism in almost and non in others. There are literally hundreds of studies, looking at hundreds of different topics associated with alcoholism. Though researchers may not all look at the same question, they all want to know the same thing Does parental alcoholism effect the child, and if so, how? Psychological Effects on the Child A COA can observe like they are all alone in a huge world, but the reality is, there are to a greater extent COAs then we may think.According to Russell, Henderson and Blume (1984), roughly 6. 6 million children 18 age of age and younger live with at least one alcoholic parent. With such a drastically high number, it is of large concern that the child of an alcoholic will suffer some form of psychological trauma due to the parents outcry of alcohol. Multiple studies have been make to examine how a child will fare in the place of an alcoholic. Of these studies research has found that COAs run a high risk, then non-COAs, for emotional, cognitive and behavioral problems.In a study titled Children of Alcoholics Vulnerable or vital? the researchers found that children of alcoholics (COA) are at a higher risk for slump, suicide, eating disorders, chemical dependency and juvenile pregnancy then non-COAs (Mylant, Ide, Cuevas, Meehan, 2002). Further studies that have been done that compared non-COAs with COAs and found that higher aims of anxiety, normal stress and depression are report among the COAs then the non-COAs (Schuckit Chiles,1978 Moos Billings, 1982 Anderson Quast, 1983 Preweet, Spence Chakins, 1981).A similar study was also done by Rolf, Johnson, Israel, Baldwin and Chandra (1988) they found that COAs conveyed feelings of loss or l ack of control over their environment. Their study showed that COAs, when compared to non-COAs, gave more extreme self-reports of depression. It is not uncommon to find that COAs feel guilt, anger, hatred, fear, embarrassment and loss of control due to their parents alcohol abuse. Along with the emotional problems COAs exhibit, they are often involved in behavioral problems including, but not limited to, lying, stealing, fighting, and misbehavior at chool (West Prinz,1987).The school misbehavior can be so severe that COAs are often reported by their teachers as having conduct disorders, being overactive and impulsive (Knoop, Teasdale, Schulsinger, Goodwin, 1985 Schuckit Chiles, 1978 Bell Cohen 1981, Fine, Yudin, Holmes, Heinemann, 1976 River, 1982 Steinhausen, Gobel Nestler, 1984 Merikangas, Weissman, Prusoff, Pauls, Leckman, 1985 Stweard, DeBlois, Singer, 1979) While their behavior may seem protrude of control to most people, it tends to be a result of the childs lack of discipline and a cry for attention or help.While the research is still limited, studies have found that the emotional upthrust COAs report, in most cases, will lessen or cease to personify when the alcoholic parent stops boozing, however it will return if the pattern of alcohol abuse begins again. Moos and Billings (1982) studied the emotional problems of children in relapsed alcoholic families, children in families with a recovering parent and children in families with no alcoholic parent. They found that the children in a relapse home reported higher levels of depression and anxiety then those in recovery homes and homes without an alcohol problem.However children of relapse alcoholics have an equal emotional function level as children of a recovering alcoholic and children with no alcoholic parent. While the study finds that the emotional turmoil will lesson or cease, it is true that a lot of work must be done by the whole family to repair the damage done by alcohol. This work may include the use of a family or individual trained professional. This study does not include the children who escape alcoholic homes, either by age or other means, before the alcoholism has been resolved.Often times, those who leave before a resolve has been met will need to seek the help of a professional to find an end to their emotional struggle. biologic and Genetic Factors It has been said often, and by many people, alcoholism runs in the family. This statement has been proven to be a true fact. Multiple studies have been done on this one topic, all finding evidence of a genetic vulnerability to alcoholism when alcoholism is prevalent in the family (Kaij, 1960 Cloninger, Bohman, Sigvardsson,1981 Schulsinger, Hermansen, Guze Winokur, 1973).In other words a COA has a higher chance of becoming an alcoholic then a non-COA due to a genetic weakness they contain. This genetic vulnerability has been shown to be particularly high males when compared to females. ace study found that early on onset of alcoholism was more prevalent in males of an alcoholic father (fourfold more) then males of a non alcoholic father (Goodwin, 1985). While most people believe that middle school and high school age children are generally the largest risk group when it comes to addiction, it is, in-fact, another group that has topped the charts.COAs are now being listed as the largest and highest group of children at risk for addiction to alcohol and/or drugs this is due to the genetic agentive role and the family environment in which they were raised (Kempfer, 1999). While Kempfers study lists environment as a bestow factor in the addiction of COAs, this may be a fraction of the overall reason. In a study done by Schuckit, Goodwin and Winokur (1972) the researchers found that COAs, even when separated from the depended parent and adopted by nondependent parents, go along to have a higher risk of abuse then biological children of nondependent parents.The change magnitude ri sk is reported to be 2-9 fold greater than the average child of a nondependent parent. Nevertheless, environment cannot be ruled out entirely, two separate studies found that there was a strong connection between substance use/abuse by parents and substance use/abuse by their children. They both found that if a parent takes a substance it is almost inevitable that the child will eventually do the same. Some of the participants in the study reported that seeing their parents do the substance gave them the feeling that it was ok for them to also do the substance (Fawzy, Coombs, Gerber, 1983 Skiffington Brown 1981).Granted not all children fol pathetic this mold, but the studies found that as a general statement this will happen. Emotional effects on the child One of the most compiling reasons for research on this subject by a sociological researcher is the mood that family interactions and rituals become defined by the substance use and abuse of a family subdivision. A great many studies have been done to designate just how much the family adjusts and readjusts to the alcoholic member and how these adjustments affect each member of the family.Families who are affected by alcoholism report much higher levels of conflict, stress and isolation then families naffected by this disease. Moos and Billings (1982) found that drinking is the primary factor of family disruption. They stated that a COAs family environment is often characterized by a lack of right-hand(a) parenting, a lack of family conference, and poor home management. They also found that these deficiencies created a void of graceful parental modeling on later needed parental skills. Moos and Billings study found that the void of a proper parental modeling will attribute to the COAs birth problems later in life. They may encounter relationship troubles with their partners or their children.All families experience some problems however families affected by alcoholism tend to experience a greater nu mber of issues. These issues may all exist at the same time or may have been experienced at different times. The following is an example of some of the issues that may be experienced increased family conflict, decreased family cohesion(unity), emotional and/or physical emphasis, family disorganization, family isolation, individual isolation, illness (mental and/or physical), and increased stress and work problems, financial issues and frequent family moves (Guebaly Offord, 1997).The moving of the family may be attributed to the stigma the alcoholic member has brought on the family through abuse or embarrassment or for financial reasons pertaining to loss of a descent or income. Interestingly while alcohol dependent parents lack the skills and ability to provide proper body structure and discipline for their children, they tend to demand their children be competent in a vast variety of skills and tasks at a much earlier age then children of non-dependent parents do (Kumpfur DeMar sh, 1986).This added pressure and extreme expectations tends to led to low self-esteem in the COA when the tasks cannot be completed. It may also cause anger and resentment towards the alcoholic parent. As the child grows older it becomes an area of great conflict between the COA and the addicted parent and could lead to the child leaving the home. One study found that 79% of child runaways and homeless adolescents report alcohol use in their childhood home, and 53% report a drinking problem in their childhood home (Booth, Zhang, 1996).Physical effects on the child Alcohol has been cited as an inciter to increased chances of child abuse. One study found that, when comparing parents with a history of alcohol abuse and parents without a history of alcohol abuse, the parents with a history of alcohol abuse had a higher potential for child abuse then the parents without an alcohol abuse problem. (Ammerman, Kolko, Kirisci, Blackson, Dawes,1999) The results of this study are backed by a separate study done at Columbia University.Researchers found that, as reported by child welfare professionals, three of every four child welfare professionals finds substance abuse to be the leading cause in child abuse since 1986. About 75. 7% of those same child welfare professionals finds that children of substance dependent parents are more likely to enter the foster care system and COAs stay in the system for a long period of time then the other children do (Reid, Macchetto Foster 1999).Often times it seems that one child will bear the brunt of the abuse more than his or her siblings. According to Tarter, Blackson, Martin, Loeber and Moss (1993) their study found that sons of alcohol dependent fathers received more damaging discipline from their parents then daughters of alcohol dependent fathers or sons and daughters of non-dependent fathers. In a similar study, it was found that mothers with an alcohol dependency problem were more likely to use corporal penalisation on th eir children then mothers without an alcohol dependency problem.The strong likelihood of corporal punishment may flyer for the length variance of 24-29% (greater for COAs) when looking at inpatient admissions of COAs verse non-COAs. Of the reasons for admissions, the most prominent were substance abuse and mental disorders. In the same study, the researchers estimated that between 70% and 90% of all money spent on the child welfare systems is due to parental substance use/abuse (Reid, Macchetto Foster, 1999). Multiple theories have been explicate to try and explain what makes an alcoholic abusive.Miller, Maguin and Downs (1997) came up with three of their own. Their first possibleness is the Cognitive Disorganization hypothesis. This idea offers the explanation that the likelihood of violence increases due to the lack of communication among the family. The faltering communication is associated with the consumption of alcohol. When communication fails the alcohol dependent person may misinterpret general social cues, overestimate the presence of terror and underestimate the consequences of violent acts. Their second theory is the Deviance Disavowal hypothesis.This idea finds that the abuser removes the blame of the violence from him/herself and places it onto the alcohol. This action effectively minimizes their personal responsibility for their violent actions and removes all guilt they may feel. Their final theory is the Disinhibition hypothesis, this idea offers the explanation that alcohol has a pharmacological interference with the centers of the brain that inhibit socially grateful and unacceptable behaviors. These theories are not a definitive answer, but they give some idea into what may be the reason for alcoholism and child abuse being so closely linked.Conclusion The studies have shown that a parents use and abuse of alcohol will affect their child in a negative way. While these studies still continue to be done, it seems that the number of child ren subjected to this life style still increases. It is impossible to renounce that this is a real problem, as the COAs grow older and begin a life of their own, they risk repetition the cycle and subjecting more children to the same situation, or worse, then the one they were in. The studies have been done, now we need to find away to fix the problem before it gets any worse.

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Essay Example for Free

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Essaya) Diversity Diversity is ab let prohibited valuing individual difference. So diversity is much more than just a new word for equality. A diversity approach aims to jazz, jimmy and manage difference to enable all employees to contribute and realise their full potential. Diversity challenges us to recognise and value all sorts of differences in order to make our purlieu a better place for everyone to functionsee moresocial barriers to equality and inclusionb) Equality Equality is about making reliable people are treated fairly and given fair chances. Equality is non about treating everyone in the same way, but it recognises that their needs are met in different ways. Equality focuses on those areas covered by the law, namely the key areas of race, gender, disability, religion or belief, sexual orientation, transgender and Age. People essential not be unfairly discriminated against because of any of these factors and we essential all contribute to creating a positive workplace and service delivery environment where discriminatory works and favouritism no longer happen.c) Inclusion Inclusion is about ensuring that minorren and young people, whatever their stress or situation, are able to participate fully in all aspects of the life in school. It is not about viewing everyone as the same or providing the same work, but about providing the same opportunities and adit to a high quality of education.Describe the potential effects of discrimination. Discrimination can only be possessed of negative effects on children and young people. Not only does it affect the academic progress of children, discrimination can negatively impact their overall health and well-being. Those who have suffered from discrimination may experience pass of self-esteem, anger, and disempowerment, lack of motivation, confusion and depression. Explain how inclusive practice promotes equality and support diversity. Inclusive practice is a process of identifying, understanding and breaking down barriers to participation and belonging. Inclusive practices w mischance secure that everyone feels valued and has a sense of belonging. In an inclusive environment there is recognition, acceptance and celebration of dierences and similarities.Explain how legislation and codes of practice relating to equality, diversity and discrimination apply to your own role. The way in which we interact with each other in society is regulated by law. The Equality flake 2010 brings together all previous acts relating to equality and discrimination. The Act applies to all organisations that provide a service to the public. The Ac protects all individuals and groups from discrimination.Early years setting must be aware of these laws and have in place a policy regarding equality of opportunities and for supporting children with nurture difficulties and disabilities. Providers must also have regard to the SEN code of practice. The EYFS als o states that providers have a responsibility to ensure positive attitudes to diversity and difference. Within our setting we have an equality and diversity policy, and a SEN and disability policy. These policies must be followed by supply and integrated in to our working practice. The policies bring together all the master(prenominal) points from the various acts and the requirements of the EYFS.Policy and procedures when admiting with Accidents If an accident takes place in the setting, I would do the following * express another penis of staff so that they know what happened to the child * If I am unable to deal with the accident myself I would refer the child to another member of staff who is first aid teach * E.g. A child has fallen over and grazed his/her knee Firstly I would comfort/ tranquilize the child. I would then wipe the knee with a wet tissue, record the accident on a accident form, inform the parent of the child about the accident, get them to sign the form and then view as it in the accident folder. IncidentsIf an sequent was to happen in the setting, it would be reported to a senior member of staff. The staff would then deal with the incident. It would be recorded on an incident form which would be sign by a witness and by a parent. The incident form is then kept in an incident folder which is kept safely and is easily accessible to the staff members.EmergencyIn the cocktail dress of an emergency occurring in the setting the following procedure would take place E.g Fire drill (Real or practice) * Upon hearing the fire drill, children and staff leave what they are doing, quietly and sensibly make their way the warm fire exit. * A member of staff takes the exhibit, usually a senior. The rest of the staff usher the children out to the fire assembly point. * A head count of the children is done as children exit the building * When children office up at the fire assembly point a head count is taken and the register is completed. * If there is no real fire, the staff can take the children back to the setting when an all cause is given by the head teacher. * The children are recounted when they return to the setting. In the compositors case of a real fire, the staff and children would remain at the fire assembly point and the emergency services would be called by a staff member. The parents would also be contacted regarding the incident.IllnessIf an illness occurs in the setting, e.g. a child falls ill and has a temperature. A staff member would check the temperature of the child using a thermometer/strip, and monitor the child. A wet paper towel/cool icepack would be placed on the childs forehead to cool the temperature. If the temperature remains the same and does not decrease, the staff member would then contact the parent/carer of the child to come and collect the child. Recording and Reporting of accidents and incidentsThe correct procedure for reporting and recording accidents, incidents, injuries and eme rgencies would be carried out by following the guidelines of Riddor. Riddor stands for, reporting of injury, disease, and dangerous occurrences regulations. All of this would be reported to the Health and Safety administrator if * Any accident to a member of staff requiring treatment by a general practitioner or hospital, and any dangerous occurrences, this may be an event that causes injury or fatalities or an event that does not cause an accident but could have done, such as a gas leak. An incident book is also kept for recording incidents including those that are reportable to the health and safety executive, these incidents include* rift in, burglary, theft of personal or property of the setting. * An intruder gaining unauthorised access to the premises. * Fire, flood, gas leak or electrical failure.* Attack on member of staff or parent on the premises or nearby. * Any racist incident involving staff or family on the centres premises * Death of a child, a terrorist attack or threat of one.

Assess the view that what participant observation lacks in terms of reliability Essay Example for Free

Assess the view that what player ceremony lacks in terms of reliability EssayAssess the view that what participant observation lacks in terms of reliability representativeness, it more than makes up for in terms of validity. Participant Observation is where the researcher infiltrates themselves into a certain group or gang to story them from within. The researcher usually puts themselves in a nonplus where they argon in the main part of the group, and they usually study the activities and attitudes of the different gang/group fragments.The observation is usually carefully thought through, it is usually recorded in field notes, and shtup often hire months, even years to complete. Participant Observation usually doesnt start with a definite hypothesis, so advanced ideas and thoughts about the group or the way that an idea whitethorn turn out usually issue through when the observer is part of the group. You can either do all overt (people know you are doing it) or cove rt (undercover) observations, or even a combination of both.Although this may call form like a very(prenominal) kosher method to use, there are quite a few disadvantages of doing this Bias is a guardianship because if the observer starts macrocosm drawn into the group, their own views go out be abandoned because they may start visual perception things through the groups eyes, and may blind the researcher to other views that may be available. The influence of the researcher may also be a problem, because if a group know that they are being studied, they may substitute their behaviour, and so the research is pointless.For example, with James Patricks study of a Glaswegian Gang, he was suspected of holding covering fire in fights and being reluctant to participate in some of the activities of the Gang, and this was pointed out by a member of the gang, but thankfully, the summiter of the Gang s in any cased up for Patrick, because he was the only one who actually knew that the gang was being studied. Ethical Issues are also a problem, because if the researcher goes in really deep with the group, then they may have to illegal or immoral activities, which may go against the researchers own values.The actual proof of the study is also a problem because you have no way of replicating the exact study, and so have no way of knowing if the research is true or not. This kind of study is also on too small a scale, and so you cannot repeat it again. Also, due to the micro-ness of it, you cannot make generalisations for the whole population based on one group, or if you were studying gangs and their motives for committing crimes or something like that, you cant assume that all other gangs will have the same motives.And finally, most researchers like to study the less powerful groups in society, and there has been a debate over whether this is right or not because we can possibly miss the important issues that are waiver on. However, there are some advantages to usi ng this method, and so we cannot just assume that all sociologists see this as a bad method to use By joining a certain group, the sociologist would be able to gain knowledge of certain subjects from that groups point of view, and they would be able to fully understand the sorts of things that were going on, and gaining different perspectives.Also, you can generate new ideas from being in a new group, and this can lead you to new perspectives and ideas. You also get more of the truth and honesty if you are doing overt participant observation, so you can quite easily prove or disprove any hypotheses you have come up with. You are also to dig deeper into the group so to speak, because if you are a part of the group, then you can uncover issues that may normally remain hidden or are secretive.Participant observation is also dynamic because if you are with a group over time, you understand how they work and how attitudes and behaviour change over time. Lastly, you can dig deeper into ar eas that you arent typically able to reach, for example, with young offenders or religious groups. It is, however, simplistic to assume that participant observation will automatically produce valid results, as there are many threats to this validity.

Down the River Essay Example for Free

Down the River EssayEdward Abbeys essay Down the River reveals his strong belief that the earthly concern of liveliness revolves around nature itself. Abbey conveys these views through syntax, imagery, and his choice of structure. Abbeys varying detail and syntax in the first half of the passage conveys an amazement toward nature. He states while gazing at the king of beasts that there was a mutual curiosity he felt more wonder than fear.His unexpected reaction to the mountain lion when they shared mutual curiosity implies that man is not alone in this journey towards knowledge, and there is a deep connection between man and nature. He varies the syntax from short to complex sentences with distinct differences in clauses. He states that later on they see no mountain lions, and the following sentence in a series presents all of the other wildlife that has been observed in great detail instead of the lion. He describes these plants and animals with eagerness and also calls Ara vaipa full of life and extremely beautiful.The impression is that even though the lion that displace the explorer in is nowhere to be seen, there is still a vast amount of peach tree in the desert. The structure is meant to contrast the two types of nature, urban nature and nature in Aravaipa. We see an flying switch in tone when Abby says, We stumble homeward over the stones, and through the anklebone-chilling water. Abbey displays a hint of harshness towards his home that is so bad even the journey to get there is torturous.He discusses the stars and how they seem to fade when he leaving the desert, as if the world he is used to has no stars, no beauty, no life. Abby indeed states that the memories of the beautiful desert are enough to keep him satisfied for days to survive the urban life. Nature is so rich in details and relationships and so wonderful and mysterious that it is impossible to exclusively understand it. This incomprehensibility can provide an unlimited sourc e of learning that will eventually redeem us from a lifeless urban existence.

Key aspects of legislation Essay Example for Free

Key aspects of commandment EssaySummarise key aspects of mandate, regulatory requirements and codes of practice relating to own habit and responsibilities. (7.1.1) The BTEC PTLLS award is demand forrader a person can teach at a win Education institution such as Aylesbury College. To support this qualification Lifelong Learning UK has published a new set of overarching schoolmaster standards 1 that all instructors in this sector allow for need to vex to. This describes in generic terms, the skills knowledge and attri unlesses for those that perform roles in this sector. It is disconcerting to hear that the qualification will soon be replaced following the Lingfield review. Other beas of legislation, that is Copernican in the teaching context is the Health and Safety at Work act 1974, which states how all employers and employees need to take responsibility for their own safety postulate.Key legislation that also inevitably to be considered for the learning surroun d is the Data Protection Act 1998. The collection and depth psychology of personal information is intrinsic to any learning institution and this act defines UK law on the bear upon of data on identifiable living people. It is the main piece of legislation that governs the protection of personal data in the UK and in practice it provides a way for individualists to control information about themselves.It is not fair in the IT area but for all systems and paperwork when dealing with personal data, within the IT area it is especially essential to consider when teaching the design of systems security and access procedures. Another area relevant to teaching IT are the Display Screen Regulations 1992/2002 which is an amendment to the Health and Safety act, this requires all employers who require their employees to use display screens to en received that the seating room position and lighting is properly adjusted and that the employee can take regular breaks from the screen. Other bla nket legislation that applies in the workplace but not specifically to a learning institution are* flight Relations Act 2000.* impairment dissimilitude Act 1995 and 2005 (DDA).* Equality Act 2010. This brought to bewitchher the numerous force of Acts and Regulations, which formed the basis of anti-discrimination law in Great Britain. This was, primarily, the Equal Pay Act 1970, the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, the Race Relations Act 1976, the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and three major statutory instruments protecting discrimination inemployment on grounds of religion or belief, sexual preference and age.Regulations more specific to the teaching environment are the following * Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001. The act required education providers to make reasonable provisions to ensure people with disabilities or special needs were provided with the same opportunities as those who were not disabled. * Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. A key point hither is that only about 10% of any published document can be copied and circulated for educational purposes before copyright is infringed. * IfL Code of Practice for Teachers (2008). This is a straightforward code of practice for teachers to gives boundaries on their professional integrity, demeanor etc. * Safer practice, safer learning (2007) responsibilities for safeguarding vulnerable full-growns in the learning and skills sector published by NIACE and DES.Analyse own responsibilities for promoting equality and valuing diversity. (7.1.2) In the class discussion on this topic, we discussed that equality is not treating everyone the same, it is rather treating everyone as anomalous to enable them as far as possible to have equal opportunities to learn, this is what myself as a teacher will have to work to achieve. Promoting equality should remove discrimination in all of the areas covered by the Equality act. Bullying, harassment and victimization are also considered as equa lity and diversity issues. Diversity aims to recognise, applaud and value peoples differences, and their ability to contribute. A teacher should aim to help them reach their secure potential by promoting an comprehensive culture for all disciples (and staff).Equality and diversity is becoming more important in all aspects of our lives and work for a occur of reasons. Where I was previously working, the employees were recruited globally and could be stick on anywhere, they were selected because they showed potential. Inclusivity and diversity was heavily promoted as it was recognised that having a diverse workforce enhanced the company commercially. great deal with different backgrounds bring different approaches to solving problems or commercial negotiations which is reflected in the companys achievement. In a college, recognising, embracing and valuing difference will lead to improvements for everyone, including * A more vibrant staff and studentpopulation* A better working and studying environment* Attracting and retaining the very best staff and students As a teacher I can promote equality and diversity by* Treating all learners fairly.* Creating an inclusive culture for all learners.* Ensuring equal access to opportunities to enable learners to fully participate in the learning process.* enable the learners to develop to their full potential. * Equipping learners with the skills to challenge inequality and discrimination in their work/study environment * Making certain that any learning materials do not discriminate against any individuals or groups * Ensuring sure policies, procedures and processes dont discriminate It was discussed in class that equality can be promoted in different ways, such as discussing privately with a student if they have problems with dyslexia, which could be helped by the simple use of different sorry backgrounds to the powerpoints or handouts.A teacher must be aware of continually promoting inclusivity in all the varie ty material and class discussions, some actions that can be positive are for instance, prior to the class, check the names, ages and any other details of the learners and if possible try to find photos or material that will hopefully be more relevant to their background. Although this shouldnt be done to such an extreme to alienate others, its a fine balance. Also it is equitable to make sure that different types of learners are covered in the lesson mean by differentiating for learning styles.This also helps to keep the lesson interesting as one form of lesson delivery could foreshorten fairly dull. One key point would be to be careful of my language, jokes about stereotypes and casual comments could easily cause alienation. It is also necessary to have a plan on how to deal with inappropriate remarks and conduct by the learners. Within a college there will also be other internal organisations procurable to meet the potential needs of learners such as * Student services / wel fare / financial attention / student support* Careers services / advice and guidance* Learning mentors / teaching assistants* Learning difficulties and disabilities assessment and support* transnational office for overseas learners* Chaplaincy or medical services including sexual and mental health Tutors will be the main point of contact for anything for a learner so it is important to escort how to get in touch with the various people working in the roles for my organisation.Evaluate your own responsibilities in long learning (7.1.3) In class we discussed the role and responsibilities of a tutor in lifelong learning, a number of key roles were identified, such as a tutor needs to be knowledgeable about the subject, but not necessarily an expert, they need to be confident and communicate their points well, they need to be well organise with planned lessons and good timekeeping. The tutor must set an example with their behaviour, and direct the learners, but in march on educati on, as opposed to compulsory education, you will not be acting as a loss leader and counsellor, rather a facilitator. Of key importance is establishing a contract with the learners at the start of the course, so that they interpret the boundaries that are set and what my expectations of them are.In the FE sector this is more important with young adults (16-18 years) than in adult education. Bearing in mind that all learners will be slightly different and work at different levels and may have different needs, it is important for me as a tutor to understand this and if necessary give additional help and guidance as required. Without regurgitating the full list of responsibilities, some key ones to additionally pick out are * Keeping up to date with developments in the core subject as well as keeping up to date with any new teaching guidelines or changes to the curriculum. * back up the learners to progress and develop their careers by giving constructive feedback. * Continually re flect on my teaching performance and evaluate each session taught and change if necessary.Review own role and responsibilities in identifying and meeting the needs of learners. (7.1.4) A key responsibility would be to get to know the learners in the class as individuals, and to understand their different abilities and learning styles. The techniques already used in the first lesson would be avery good start, such as the learning styles questionnaire (although interpretation of the results is very subjective.), the basic skills testing, and the group introductions. The group introductions and the personal interrogate prior to starting the course was a way of understanding the motivation of the learners, and why they are labor the training.With this knowledge the tutor can aim to ensure that the lesson delivery is varied to suit the different needs of the learners and give personal help if necessary. These activities are part of the Identifying Needs stage of the Teaching and Leanin g pedal and are documented by Gravells 2, although she has the roles and responsibilities a little confused. As the course progresses, the tutors understanding of the needs of the individual learners will become clearer as they get to know them, changes and adjustments can be made to the lesson delivery. This is an application of Kolbs Reflective Cycle, to put it simply Planning, Doing, Reviewing, Learning and back to planning.References1 Lifelong Learning UK (LLUK) New overarching professional standards for teachers, tutors and trainers in the lifelong learning sector. 2 Gravells, A., (2011) Preparing to teach in the Lifelong Learning SectorWebsiteswww.excellencegateway.orgwww.ptllsresource.co.ukhttp//www.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/equalityanddiversity/

Homosexuality and God Essay Example for Free

Homo knowledgeableity and idol EssayLGBT is an initialism that collectively confabs to the lesbian, gay, bi turn onual, and trans stimulate activity fellowship. In use since the 1990s, the nameinus LGBT is an adaptation of the initialism LGB, which itself started replacing the phrase gay community beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s, which many within the community in question felt did non accurately represent all those to whom it referred. The initialism has become mainstream as a self-designation and has been adopted by the majority sexuality and sexual urge identicalness-establish community centers and media in the United States and some frigid English-speaking countries. The term LGBT is intended to emphasize a diversity of sexuality and gender identity-based shades and is sometimes employ to refer to any unity who is non-heterosexual or cisgender instead of exclusively to people who argon tribadistic, bisexual, or transgender. To recognize this inclusion, a to uristy variant adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer and/or atomic number 18 questioning their sexual identity as LGBTQ, recorded since 1996. In Malaysia, LGBT rights are partially recognized. LGBT individuals encompass all races and ethnicities, religions, and social classes. internal taste and gender identity questions are non asked on most national or State surveys, qualification it difficult to estimate the number of LGBT individuals and their health needs. Research suggests that LGBT individuals face health disparities linked to societal stigma, discrimination, and defense force of their civil and human rights. Discrimination against LGBT psyches has been associated with high rates of psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. Experiences of violence and victimization are frequent for LGBT individuals, and let long-lasting effects on the individual and the community.Personal, family, and social acceptance of sexual preference and gender identity af fects the handstal health and personal safety of LGBT individuals. It is important to recognize the difference among sexual preference and sexual manner as well as the differences among sexual predilection, gender identity, and gender role. Sexual taste is the affective or loving liking to other person. It female genitals be considered as ranging along a continuum from same-sex attraction only at one end of the continuum to pposite-sex attraction only at the other end.Heterosexuality is the attraction to persons of the opposite sex quirkiness, to persons of the same sex and bisexuality, to both sexes. Sexual orientation can be seen as part of a continuum ranging from same-sex attraction only (at one end of the continuum) to opposite-sex attraction only (at the other end of the continuum). Sexual behavior, or sexual activity, differs from sexual orientation and alone does not define someone as an LGBT individual.Any person whitethorn be capable of sexual behavior with a p erson of the same or opposite sex, but an individual knows his or her longingserotic and kernelaland which sex is more likely to satisfy those needs. It is necessary to draw a discreteion between sexual orientation and sexual behavior. Not e very person with a homosexual or bisexual orientation is sexually active. A persons sexual orientation does not tell us if she/he is sexually active or does it define her /his limited sexual behaviors.Similarly, sexual behavior alone does not define orientation. A personal awareness of having a sexual orientation that is not exclusively heterosexual is one way a person identifies herself or himself as an LGBT person. Or a person may have a sexual identity that differs from his or her biological sexthat is, a person may have been born a male but identifies and feels more comfortable as a female. Sexual orientation and gender identity are two independent variables in an individuals explanation of himself or herself.Sexual identity is the perso nal and unique way that a person perceives his or her protest sexual desires and sexual expressions. Biological sex is the biological distinction between men and women. Gender is the archetype of maleness and masculinity or femaleness and femininity. Ones gender identity is the sense of ones self as male or female and does not refer to ones sexual orientation or gender role. Sex refers to the biological characteristics of a person at birth, plot of land gender relates to his or her perception of being male or female and is known as the gender role.Gender role refers to the behaviors and desires to act in certain ways that are lieued as masculine or feminine by a particular culture. A culture usually labels behaviors as masculine or feminine, but these behaviors are not necessarily a direct component of gender or gender identity. It is common in our culture to portend the behaviors, styles, or interests shown by males that are usually associated with women effeminate and to call the boys who behave this way sissies. Women or girls who have interests usually associated with men are labeled masculine or butch, and the girls are often called tomboys. Transsexuals are people with the biological characteristics of one sex who identify themselves as the opposite gender and have had some type of surgical motleyation and/or hormone treatments that changes their bodies appearance in alignment with their identity. While understanding the various concepts used in sexual orientation in general, it is very imperative to define in specific details definition of LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) accordingly.Lesbian which is originally a Greek word, is a term most widely used in the English language to happen upon sexual and romantic desire between females. The word may be used as a noun, to refer to women who identify themselves or who are characterized by others as having the primary attribute of female homosexuality, or as an adjective, to severalize cha racteristics of an object or activity related to female same-sex desire. Lesbian as a concept, used to differentiate women with a shared sexual orientation, is a 20th-century construct.Gay is a romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward/between males. Gay is a word (a noun or an adjective) that primarily refers to a homosexual person. The word gay arrived in English during the 12th century from Old french gai, most likely deriving ultimately from a Germanic source. The term was originally used to refer to feelings of being carefree, happy, or bright and showy it had also come to acquire some connotations of im chasteity as early as 1637.The terms use as a reference to homosexuality may find come out of the closet as early as the late 19th century, but its use gradually increased in the 20th century. In modern English, gay has come to be used as an adjective, and as a noun, referring to the people, especially to men, and the practices and cultures associated with homosexuali ty. By the end of the 20th century, the word gay was recommended by major LGBT groups and style guides to describe people attracted to members of the same sex. Bisexuality is romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward males and females.The term is especially used in the context of human sexual attraction to denote romantic or sexual feelings toward men and women. It is one of the three main classifications of sexual orientation, along with a heterosexual and a homosexual orientation, all a part of the heterosexualhomosexual continuum. People who have a distinct but not exclusive sexual preference for one sex over the other may identify themselves as bisexual. Transgender is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies to vary from culturally conventional gender roles.Transgender is the state of ones gender identity (self-identification as woman, man, neither or both) not unified ones assigned sex (identification by others as m ale, female or intersex based on somatogenic/genetic sex). Transgender does not imply any specific form of sexual orientation transgender people may identify as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, pansexual, polysexual, or asexual some may consider conventional sexual orientation labels inadequate or inapplicable to them.The precise definition for transgender sticks in flux, but includes Of, relating to, or designating a person whose identity does not conform unambiguously to conventional notions of male or female gender roles, but combines or moves between these. People who were assigned a sex, usually at birth and based on their genitals, but who feel that this is a false or incomplete description of themselves. Non-identification with, or non-presentation as, the sex (and assumed gender) one was assigned at birth. A transgender individual may have characteristics that are usually associated with a particular gender, identify elsewhere on the traditional gender continuum, or exist remote of it as other, agender, Genderqueer, or third gender. Sexuality and gender have different impacts in each cultures laws, attitudes, and organizations. More secular and modernized societies often have more favorable treatment of LGBT individuals than societies which survey tradition and religious piety.However, accurate generalizations are difficult to make even within Malaysia, attitudes towards LGBT individuals vary from person to person. Cultural differences in LGBT issues have wide-ranging effects. Other cultures may have different ways of expressing heart and soulfor example, in India, it is common for same-sex friends to hold hands without any assumption of a romantic connectionor of categorizing gender and sexualityfor example, in parts of Latin America, a man is not considered gay if he engages in same-sex intercourse as the insertive artner.Thus, American English terms and conceptualizations of LGBT issues may not directly translate. The profile of LGBT ind ividuals and organizations varies by culture. Some cultures have an underground LGBT scene where LGBT individuals are tolerated as long as they remain mainly closeted, whereas other cultures may have a more open and organized community of LGBT individuals. In addition, some cultures may provide legal protection for LGBT individuals and recognize their partnerships, while other cultures may criminalize same-sex intercourse.Globally in some country For example in Malaysia, Cross-dressing(Gender identity/expression) is not technically a crime. However, transgender individuals have often been arrested by police officers under the civil laws governing public indecency, and if they are Moslem, can be further charged by religious officers under Sharia Laws for impersonating women. For example, in 1998, Forty-five Muslim transvestites were charged and convicted in court for dressing as women, and twenty-three more transgender persons faced similar fines and irons in 1999.Finally, there m ay be major differences within the LGBT community in a specific culture for example, in parts of southeastern Asia it is considered culturally acceptable for a man to have sex with a feminine transgendered man, while there are no such provisions for women having sex with transgendered women. homoeroticism The Christian Perspective (LESBIAN, GAY Bisexuality) In a world of moral confusion and ethical compromise, the principles for which the saintly Bible stands, is directing the Christians in the right path to God and the way of life.The Christian point of view is based solely upon the Bible, the divinely inspired Word of God. A truly Christian standard of morality is the conduct of divine revelation, not of statistical research or of public opinion. For the Christian, the Bible is the final business office for both belief and behaviour. The Explicitly the Bible teach about homosexuality can be considered as basic because, if we accept Gods Word on the subject of homosexuality, we benefit from His adequate answer to this problem as seen in Christianity.This project is concerned only with the Christian or biblical view of homosexuality. The Bible has lots to say about sex sins in general for a view in homosexuality in Christian perspective. First, there is adultery. Adultery in the natural sense is sexual intercourse of a matrimonial person with someone other than his or her own spouse. It is condemned in both the Old and New Testaments (Exodus 2014 I Cor. 69, 10). Christ forbids dwelling upon the thoughts, the free play of ones imagination that leads to adultery (Matthew 528).Second, there is fornication, the illicit sex acts of unmarried persons which is likewise require (I Corinthians 51 613, 18 Ephesians 53). Then there is homosexuality which likewise is condemned in Scripture. The Apostle capital of Minnesota, writing by inspiration of the sanctified Spirit, declares that homosexuality shall not inherit the kingdom of God (I Corinthians 69 10). Now P aul does not single out the homosexual as a special offender. He includes fornicators, idolators, adulterers, thieves, covetous persons, drunkards, revilers and extortioners.And then he adds the comment that some of the Christians at Corinth had been delivered from these very practices And such were some of you But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the spirit of our God (I Corinthians 611). All of the sins mentioned in this passage are condemned by God, but just as there was apprehend in Christ for the Corinthians, so is there hope for all of us. Homosexuality is an illicit lust forbidden by God. He said to His people Israel, Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind it is abomination (Leviticus 1822).If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination they shall surely be put to death their blood shall be upon them (Leviticus 2013). In these passages homosexual ity is condemned as a prime example of sin, a sexual perversion. The Christian can neither alter Gods viewpoint nor depart from it. In the Bible sodomy is a synonym for homosexuality. God spoke on the face of it on the matter when He said, There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel (Deuteronomy 2317).The whore and the sodomite are in the same category. A sodomite was not an inhabitant of Sodom nor a descendant of an inhabitant of Sodom, but a man who had given himself to homosexuality, and the unnatural vice for which Sodom was known. Let us look at the passages in question But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house around, old and young, all the people from every quarter And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men hich came in to thee this night? Bring them out unto us, that we may know them. And Lot went out at the door unto them, and close up the door after him, And s aid, I pray you, brethren, do not so wickedly. Behold now, I have two daughters which have not known man let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes only unto these men do nothing for therefore came they under the shadow of my roof. (Genesis 194-8) The Hebrew word for know in verse 5 is yada, a sexual term.It is used frequently to denote sexual intercourse (Genesis 41, 17, 25 Matthew 124, 25). The marrow in the context of Genesis 19 is clear. Lot pled with the men to do not so wickedly. Homosexuality is wickedness and must be recognized as such else there is no hope for the homosexual who is asking for help to be extricated from his sinful way of life. Romans 124-27 I Timothy 110 and Jude 7. If one takes these Scriptures seriously, homosexuality will be recognized as an evil. The Romans passage is unmistakably clear.Paul attributes the moral depravity of men and women to their rejection of the truth of God (125). They refused to retain G od in their knowledge (128), thereby dethroning God and deifying themselves. The Old Testament had clearly condemned homosexuality but in Pauls day there were those persons who rejected its teaching. Because of their rejection of Gods commands He punished their sin by delivering them over to it. The philosophy of substituting Gods Word with ones own reasoning commenced with Satan.He introduced it at the outset of the human race by suggesting to Eve that she ignore Gods orders, assuring her that in so doing she would become like God with the power to discern good and evil (Genesis 31-5). That was Satans big lie. Paul said that when any person rejects Gods truth, his mind becomes reprobate, meaning void of sound judgment. The reprobate mind, having rejected Gods truth, is not capable of discerning good and evil. In Romans 126-31 twenty-three punishable sins are listed with homosexuality jumper lead the list.Paul wrote, For this cause God gave them up into vile affections for even the ir women did change the natural use into that which is against spirit And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompense of their error which was meet. (Romans 126, 27). These verses are telling us that homosexuals suffer in their body and personality the inevitable consequences of their wrong doing.Notice that the behaviour of the homosexual is set forth as a vile affection (126). The Greek word translated vile (atimia) means filthy, dirty, evil, and dishonourable. The word affection in Greek is pathos, used by the Greeks of either a good or bad desire. here in the context of Romans it is used in a bad sense. The vile affection is a corrupting passion, a shameful lust. Both the desire (lusting after) and the act of homosexuality are condemned in the Bible as sin.