Exploring the Relationship Between Mother and Baby Essay Example for Free

Exploring the Relationship Between Mother and Baby screenExploring the similarityship betwixt generate and do by in the NICU in relation to nursing sponsor. conAim -To explore the effect of interaction cerebrate to c atomic add 18-giving and cultivation exchange between nurses and finds in relation to maternal stress and maternal- thwart relationship in the newborn intensive c be building block (NICU) without the infirmary tab.Background Mothers in the NICU experience depression, anxiety, stress, and loss of control, and they fluctuate between vox populis of inclusion and exclusion related to the provision of wellness c atomic number 18 to their neonate. This belles-lettres review helps to identify nursing interventions that promote positive outcomes between incur and baby by reducing maternal feelings of stress and anxiety.Search Method A literature search covering the occlusion 2008-2012 was conducted. Five articles hideing twain numerical and soft s tudies congeneric to the outcome were retrieved.Findings Findings reveal that positive and trustful relationships between nurses and mothers develop when nurses communicate and interact with mothers. This alleviated mothers anxiety and enhanced their confidence when interacting with their baby.Discussion Critical analysis as well as strengths and weaknesses of the relative journals reviewed is given together with physical exerciseful recommendations that emerge from the evidence.Conclusion The literature reviewed shows that nurse-mother interaction improves mother- infant relationship. In turn, this depart at last assist in decreasing maternal stress and improve the maternal well-being.INTRODUCTIONMothers develop appurtenance to their baby during pregnancy, which continues and develops to a greater extremity fully later the child is born (Cleveland 2009). However, the pathway to becoming a mother is threatened with the admission of the baby to the NICU. This occurs refe rable to the unfamiliar and intimidating environment of the NICU (Obeidat et al 2009). During the initial admission pargonnts disregard believe that the healthc are team is more than subject to charge for their baby and this potentiometer instill feelings of inadequacy (Cockfort 2011). As a result, maternal attachment may be delayed by the lack of socialisation between mother and baby as most of the care is done by nurses (Cleveland 2009).DeRouck and Leys (2009), put together that the parents of an infant admitted to the NICU face challenges including access to information, disclosure astir(predicate) the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of their newborn, as well as a lack of control over the care of their newborn.Adding to this distress is the uncertainty of survival of the fittest or the crimsontual impact of the infants condition on later health and well-being. In addition, feeling guilty to mother an unhealthy infant creates fear of social prejudice. Further, the stru cture of the NICU places epoch-making barriers on mothers abilities to enact the maternal(p) role since decision-making and the daily care of the infant is taken over by medical and nursing staff restricting interactions with the babies stripping off their maternal authority (Cleveland 2009). In fact, when babies are in the NICU, traditionalistic conceptualizations of the parental role are altered. The situation demands heightened parental fellowship while at the same cadence placing severe restrictions on parental involvement. In response, parents need to negotiate this tension and traditional definitions of the parental role, which must(prenominal) be continually redefined by means ofout their experienceWhat emerges is that the predominant cum of distress is inability of the mother to shelter the infant from imposition and provide appropriate pain management. (Fenwick et al 2008). A lot of procedures cause pain in the neonate creating concerns for the mother, starting f rom peripheral cannulas,indwelling catheters and intubation to mention a few. In intubated babies, even though morphine infusions are administered, the baby still shows signs of distress during nursing times. In this case, we administer a small bolus of pain relief prior to nursing so that the baby would be more comfortable.Conversely, Fenwick et al (2008) describes factors that contribute to parents satisfaction in the NICU. These include boldness and psychological mount, the provision of consistent information, education, environmental fulfill care, appropriate pain management, and parental participation and proximity, as well as physical and spiritual support. Therefore, it is absolute that nurses should do their best to improve the mothers sense of confidence, competency and connection with her infant by dint of guided participation (Domanico et al 2011).Johnson (2008) broadsheets that skin-to-skin deferraling or kangaroo care promotes maternal-infant feelings of closenes s, builds maternal confidence, and may be a stress-reducing experience for both the mother and infant. Hence the impressiveness of providing the opport building blocky for kangaroo care to occur. Hunt (2008), notes that KMC is also crucial to stabilize parameters, much(prenominal) as cardio-respiratory parameters whilst being beneficial for maintaining body temperature. They add that even the incidence of nosocomial sepsis and the duration of hospital stay decreased with practicing KMC. In addition, Ali et al., (2009), found that Kangaroo mother care also showed positive outcomes towards practicing exclusive breast provide.Cockfort (2011) notes that, persistence of care inevitably to be ensured hence the importance of documentation. Therefore, it is suggested that handover should not be rushed, whilst a more all-round(prenominal) handover can ensure the smooth transition of care for staff and the family. When parents ask questions relating to their baby they feel insure in the competency of staff when information has been passed on correctly. When information is not shared effectively parents can lose trust and the partnership breaks d ingest.In Malta, even though handover of 2 consecutive days is given, unlike advice is still given at times imputable to the nurses distinct view-points. Consequently, this requires ward befittingings in hostel to straighten out important issues so that advice given and practice is consistent.In Malta, about 373 babies are admitted yearly (Grech et al 2012). In view of the benefits discussed, nurses should do their utmost to improve the overall experience of the mothers of such(prenominal) babies.Search MethodA review of published explore consisted of the following steps broad reading to determine areas of focus, identification of inclusion and exclusion criteria, literature search (appendix 1) and retrieval, critical appraisal and analysis of the research evidence and synthesis of evidence. turn up was reviewed with the aims of identifying barriers that affect the motherinfant interaction inwardly the neonatal intensive care unit and how nurses can actively support attachment. Articles were included if the setting was primarily in a neonatal intensive care unit (neonatal unit or neonatal intensive care unit) and the participants were mothers of infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units or nurses working indoors that setting. In addition, wholly articles were critically analyzed with two original questions in mind (a) What are the of necessity of parents in the NICU? (b) What nursing behaviors support parents in meeting these needs? Articles were also included if they were primeval research studies published between 2008 and 2012 and written in the English language.Primary and petty(a) literature searches were conducted by dint of the EBSCO, ERIC, Sciencedirect and Medline databases. The primary search foothold included NICU, neonatal Intensive bearing Unit, family support, com munication, nurse and early intervention. The secondary literature search terms included nursing support, efficacy, family, communication, support, neonatal and Kangaroo Mother complaint. These terms were utilize and utilised in all realistic combinations to perform an extensive literature search of the in a higher place mentioned electronic databases. Thirdly, a review of references was conducted of the identified articles for any pull ahead studies. Eighteen articles were found through the search. half a dozen studies met the inclusion criteria of which, 3 were qualitative and 3 quantitative (appendix 2). The subject was limited to the last 5 years. This time frame helps in the getting the most recent experiences since NICU is a changing environment especially as regards to technology which effects the mothers as well as the nurses. two quantitative and qualitative studies were found. twain qualitative and quantitative research was conducted to identify what is known about the needs of NICU parents and what behaviours support these parents. Both methods of research were included because of the potential for each to contribute to a more complete finding of this topic.In selecting a research design, researchers should be guided by one overarching consideration whether the design does the best possible job of providing trustworthy answers to the research questions. One needs to note that both studies experience limitations (Cottrell McKenzie, 2011).In quantitative research, the researchers aim is to determine the relationship between one variable (an independent variable) and another(prenominal) (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population (Morrow 2009).In contrast to quantitative designs, qualitative designs do not result in numerical data for statistical analysis (Schira, 2009). In qualitative methods, researchers are interested in interpreting social phenomena and exploring the meanings that race attach to their experiences (Polit and Beck 2 010). Moreover, views, attitudes and behaviours may be explored (Wood Kerr, 2011), through grounded supposition as it develops theories that are grounded in the groups observable experiences, but researchers add their own insight into wherefore those experiences exist.FindingsTable 1 includes information about the 5 studies that met the inclusion criteria .Once an infant is admitted into an NICU, many factors card for parental stress. Admission of the infant to the NICU places mothers in a trying situation where they must neck with the NICU environment and its associated demands.In the study conducted by Parker (2011), a grounded supposition approach was used to understand feeling and stressors of 11 mothers whose new-borns were in the NICU. It was found that the early days shock and numbness accompanied feelings of no(prenominal) or little control over their lives. Moreover, all mothers set forth feeling unprepared for the premature sales talk and the sight of their baby in the NICU. Comparative results were found by lee(prenominal) et al (2009), with regards to the shock experienced with the initial sight of the baby.Everyday unpredictable changes occur leaving no time for adjustment or preparation. Constant fears about the life and death of the baby do not subside and several mothers mouth about their experience of always anticipating the death of the baby. These findings are also reflected in my clinical setting when mothers would be recounting their experience once the babys condition improves. This is in line with the findings of Fenwick et al (2009) and leeward et al (2009). In addition, the findings imply that the positive reassurance of the effects of a positive and caring environment and support network between parents and nurses in the NICU is not always evident among every unit.Nicholas-Sargent (2009) found that assurance is the most important aspect to be fulfilled. Her quantitative study of 46 mothers found that the length of stay in the NICU and mothers information needs were found to be significantly inversely correlated. Therefore, this suggests that the longer an infant remains hospitalized in the NICU, the slight emphasis the mother places on receiving information about the infants condition. This shows that the needs of the mothers in the NICU can change over time. My observations match these findings since mothers familiarise themselves and adapt to the situation. Moreover, they would last want to be successful with the care of the baby. This is reflected in the grounded opening analysis conducted by Fenwick et al (2008), victimization semi-structured references.They found that the nurse-mother relationship had the potential to significantly affect how women perceived their connection to the infant and their confidence in caring for their infant which occurred through a three way interaction. Being successful in their relish to care for the baby, engendered feelings associated with being a real mothe r. However, not all women in this study were able to successfully employ these strategies. In the situation where the mother perceived herself as quiet and unassertive, and in a position without any power, it was very unmanageable to gain the confidence requisite in order to be able to openly question, negotiate and direct the care of her infant. Therefore, it is very important to identify these mothers in order to help them by giving them continuous reassurance. This would particularly be required when the situation changes from support needing to hike in participation.Lee et al (2009) found that mothers received support from the healthcare professionals and the social networks that mothers made. These helped to create the connections that actual between the mothers and infants making their journey towards parenthood possible. They discover that challenges are raise compounded in Taiwan, where women are traditionally required to practice the cultural ritual which includes conf inement to the house with a special equilibrate diet for the first month postnatal. Lee et al (2009) used the grounded theory approach with in-depth interviews and uniform comparison.All interviews were audio-taped and notes were made during and immediately after the interview concerning actions and body language of the mother during the interview. The finding of this study hike up indicated that the initial sight of the life-support equipment was shocking. The technological environment created a fearful atmosphere, and the medical equipment attached to their infants caused the mothers further physical separation. The mothers indicated that they were so afraid of the equipment that it took them a long time to be able to participate in their infants care. In turn, this hampered them from establishing positive motherinfant interactions.Chiu and Anderson (2008), found that preterm births often negatively influence motherinfant interaction due to lack of physical contact. In addition , they found that skin-to skin contact post-birth has positive effects on infant phylogenesis. These researchers conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) using questionnaires for data collection. In addition, mothers were further video-taped during a feeding session. Ali et al., (2009),highlight the importance of kangaroo care in their RCT where the researchers conducted their study with one hundred and fourteen infants. This study showed that the infants undecided to kangaroo mother care had an increase in rectal temperature compared to unoriginal care, therefore having a decreased attempt of hypothermia. The mean temperature during kangaroo mother care was of 37 degrees Celsius while the mean temperature during effected care was of 36.7 degrees Celsius. The data lay in was through posted questionnaires.DiscussionIn the 3 qualitative studies found, the data was collected through interviews of which 2 were semi-structured while 1 was unstructured. Parker (2011), Fenwick e t al (2008) and Lee et al (2008), used the Grounded theory approach. However, while Parker and Fenwick use semi-structured interviews, Lee uses unstructured interviews. In semi-structured interviews there is a topic guide with list of areas or questions to be covered with each opposeent. This technique ensures that researchers will obtain all the information required, and gives respondents the freedom to respond in their own words, provide as much detail as they wish, and offer illustrations and explanations. Lee et al (2009) uses ground theory approach but incorporated with unstructured interviews.Unstructured interviews also known as are supple but are more time-consuming than semi-structured since the interviewer listens and does not take the lead. The interviewer listens to what the interviewee has to say. The interviewee leads the conversation (Wood Ross-Kerr, 2011). However, anonymity for confidentiality which is of utmost importance is not possible. When using unstructured interviews, the researchers get under ones skin to be able to establish rapport with the participant. The reason is that the interviewers demand to be trusted if someone is to reveal intimate life information. This may lead to interviewee bias. Also, it is important to gain that unstructured interviewing can produce a great deal of data which can be difficult to analyse. Lee et al (2008) and Fenwick et al (2008) conducted the interviews themselves while Parker (2011) did not, thus reducing the bias. However, interviewer bias occurs even if someone else is conducting the interview.The number of mothers in the study of Lee et al (2008) was adequate since with in-depth interviews 20 participants are enough. However, to account for the small sample, more interviews and observations were done with the same participants in order to reach theoretical saturation. Usually informants are selected for in-depth interviews in a purposive manner questioning the generalizability of the results (Wood Kerr, 2011).A major controversy among grounded theory researchers relates to whether to follow the original Glaser and Strauss procedures or to use the adapted procedures of Strauss and Corbin (Polit Beck 2010). Grounded theory method according to Glaser emphasizes induction or emergence, and the individual researchers creativity within a clear frame of stages, while Strauss is more interested in validation criteria and a regular approach. Parker (2011) uses the original Glaser and Strauss (1967) paradigm while Lee et al (2008) and Fenwick et al (2008) use Strauss and Corbin (1998) procedures.One of the fundamental features of the grounded theory approach is that data collection, data analysis, and sampling of study participants occur simultaneously. A procedure referred to as constant comparison is used to develop and refine theoretically relevant categories. Categories elicited from the data are forever compared with data obtained earlier in the data collection put to work so that commonalities and variations can be determined. As data collection proceeds, the inquiry becomes increasingly focused on emerging theoretical concerns. All 3 studies use constant comparison.All the above 3 studies use audio-taping for data collection except for Fenwick et al (2008) who used field note documentation as well. Audio-taping enables eye contact to be maintained and to select a complete record for analyses, however, some interviewees may be nervous of tape-recorders. On the contrary, in note taking on the other hand, a lot of eye contact is lost unless a typeface of short-hand is learnt. However, the interviewer will have plenty of useful quotations for report when transcribing the interview.Randomized controlled trials consist of a complete data-based test of a new intervention, involving the random assignment of a large and varied sample to different groups (Polit Beck, 2010). The intention of an RCT is to arrive to a judgment as to whether the novelty o f an intervention is more effective than the traditional intervention (Polit Beck, 2010). This intention was well noticed throughout the RCTs chosen by Ali etal., (2009). Wood Kerr, (2011) sustain that RCTs are the most rigorous method to determine a cause-effect relationship between the treatment and the outcome. Furthermore, RCTs were also described as the gold standard trial for evaluating the effectiveness of a clinical intervention ((Muijs 2010). One of the primary aims of RCTs is to prevent natural selection bias by distributing the patient, randomly between the two groups, so that the residue in the outcome and results can be justified and attributed only to the intervention under study.Thus, through random selection there is a better balancing of any confounding factors, therefore creating similarity between the groups (Cottrell McKenzie, 2010). In effect in this literature review, RCTs were found to be useful and beneficial to compare the effect of KMC and conventional care on the physiological aspects of the infant. Ali et al., (2009) chose to add blocking to randomisation so as to ensure a better balance in the number of infants allocated in the groups. These groups were randomized through simple randomization and the fracture of groups was achieved by delivering a concealed envelope technique. Through random sampling, Polit Beck (2010) explain that each element in the population has an equivalent, autonomous chance of being chosen. However, this design is not used frequently as it is extensive and may be expensive (Wood Kerr, 2011).Chiu and Anderson (2008), use mixed methods of data collection by using both questionnaires and video-taped interviews. The use of multiple sources or referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth is called triangulation. This is one approach in establishing believability as it enables the researcher to counteract the weaknesses in both designs. The use of video-taping provides the most comprehe nsive recording of an interview since it captures body language, facial expressions and interaction (Gerrish and Lacey 2010). However the interviewee may become uncomfortable and act differently than in normal circumstances questioning the reliability of the data collected. In addition, questionnaires are the main research tools used in quantitative research. They are very advantageous as they can be makeed in such a way as to meet the objectives of almost any research project.In the Family Needs parentage used by Nicholas-Sargent (2009), the not applicable part was removed from the Likert scale in order to report definite opinions. Questionnaires can measure the participants factual knowledge about a certain subject or an idea or else they can be used to explore opinions, attitudes or behaviours (McNabb, 2008). Moreover, questionnaires are also less expensive than most other research instruments and are also less time-consuming . Self-administered questionnaires provide the parti cipants with anonymity, and responses are not affected by the interviewers mood or presence (Wood Ross-Kerr, 2011). On the other hand, the main injury of questionnaires is that there is a high possibility of a poor response rate since some questions are ignored, misinterpreted, incorrectly completed or inadequately detailed (Polit and Beck 2010).The RCT of Chiu and Anderson (2009) and Ali etal. (2009),, is one of the most powerful tools of research where people are allocated at random to receive one of several clinical interventions. However RCTs are vulnerable to multiple types of bias at all stages of their workspan (Geretsegger et al 2012). Hence the need to establish harshness and reliability. In the study done by both Ali etal.,(2009) and Chiu and Anderson (2009),the researchers increase the rigor on the study by using a large number of participants. In addition, Chiu and Anderson (2009) use the Nursing Child Assessment air Training Program (NCAST) Feeding and Teaching scal es. Nicholas-Sargent (2009), improved the rigour by using the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI), as a framework for the FNI. CCFNI has been thoroughly reported with results indicating internal consistency and construct validity (Gerrish and Lacey 2010). Despite this, Nicholas-Sargent (2009), use a small scale study and therefore the results cannot be generalized.LimitationsIn the study done by Lee et al (2008), the data were only collected from one hospital in this present study causing generalisability of the results to be low. Moreover, the sample was restricted to those who did not have additive social, cultural or medical circumstances to consider. Moreover, coding was done by researcher itself and this might have caused some bias. Both Nicholas-Sargent (2009) and Parker (2011) use small scale studies but these were qualitative studies.Therefore, to a certain extent the findings cannot be generalized across the population of families involved with the NICU. In additi on, Parker (2011) uses a retrospective study, which might have been subject to bias in recalling information. There was absence of pilot study in both Nicholas-Sargent (2009) and Chiu and Anderson (2009). The use of pilot studies helps to assess the design, methodology and feasibility of the tool and typically includes participants who are similar to those who will be used in the larger research study ( Wood Kerr 2011). Hence, their importance.Also, the instruments chosen by Chiu and Anderson (2009), being the (NCAST and the feeding and teaching scales) for this study might not be sensitive enough to capture any between-group difference in changes resulting from the intervention.Finally, Ali et al., (2009) fail to mention intention to treat analysis where researchers can introduce reality into research by outlining that not all randomised participants will continue throughout the study. Therefore, this might be a potential weakness in this study. It was also noted the there was no detailed report about the time intervals between the two different groups. Hence, this may also have introduced performance bias.In the grounded theory approach taken by Fenwich et al (2008), limitations lie in the method of data collection itself through semi-structured interviews that were tape-recorded and field note documentation done. The authors did not acknowledge limitations in the study.RecommendationsMaternal contactFenwich et al (2008) suggests prioritising maternal-infant closeness when underpinning policies and protocols and suggests the unexclusive access to their child. Lee et al (2008) found that in Taiwan mothers are allowed to meet for 30 minutes twice a day. In Malta, mothers are allowed to stay with the child 24 hours a day. In addition, skin-to-skin contact is recommended by both Lee et al (2008) and Chiu and Anderson (2009). The latter suggests that all mothers, if they are able and whether or not they ask for it, skin-to-skin contact should be encouraged. My suggestions on interventions for critically ill infants include encouraging the parents presence at the bedside, assisting the parents in personalizing the bedside, and teaching the parents to gently touch their infant.Another approach is to hang a simple picture board with the first names of nurses and practitioners near the entrance to the unit. This picture board helps nauseating families feel welcomed in this healing environment.In our unit, those babies who have central lines such as umbilical arterial catheters (UAC), the mothers are not allowed to hold the baby for fear of bleeding if the UAC gets dislodged. However, if the mother shows signs of needing contact with the baby, we allow her to hold the baby with constant supervision. In the case of babies that are ventilated mothers are only allowed to hold their baby if the prognosis is very poor. Therefore, this shows that, if the baby is on long term ventilation, skin-to-skin is hindered from being introduced.Fenwich et a l (2008), recommend the development of tools that can better evaluate the satisfaction of the mother. Hence, the need for longitudinal qualitative research. In my opinion this would repay good results when past experiences would show which improvements were helpful and which were not. NICE standards (2010), specify the use of surveys. We can incorporate these surveys after consideration with the midwifery officer.Mother-nurse-infant interactionBecause of the complexity of illness, parents of critically ill infants are anxious and fear the bruise with every visit to the NICU. Strategies need to be adapted to decrease maternal anxiety while documentation the needs of these infants. (Nicholas-Sargent 2009). Nurses play a vital role in helping parents throughout the stressful and contest experience of the NICU by developing therapeutic relationships and providing emotional support. These approaches enable parents to feel more supported, more involved, confident, and more effective a s parents of their vulnerable newborn. The experience of parents in the NICU occurs during an emotionally intense period fraught with anxiety, stress, depression, and feelings of hopelessness. Therefore, Nicholas-Sargent (2009) suggests that, it would be vital to do an NICU orientation for expectant parents with a high attempt of giving birth to a premature infant or a compromised newborn.Supporting and facilitating their parenting role will help decrease their stress, strain, anxiety, and depression. Lee et al (2008), nurses need to respect the cultural preferences of mothers as this would promote sought after health outcomes. This would aid in meaningful, holistic and individualized care. According to Nicholas-Sargent (2009), personalized one-to-one as unconnected as opposed to group support would be helpful. In addition Nicholas-Sargent (2009), suggests that nurse education is needed to improve the awareness of the impact of the counselling dish out. However, the service need s to be more flexible due to fluctuations in the health condition of the baby. In fact, what we notice is that mothers would require counselling at different stages of the hospitalization.Therefore, if the service was refused once, it may still mean that mothers would need it at some other point in time. Nicholas-Sargent (2009), further suggests that the counselling service would be extended to the whole family from the hospital as well as in the community., Both the DH (2009), and NICE (2010) highlight the importance of Family-Centered Care (FCC) views the family as the childs primary source of strength and support and allows for collaboration, respect, and support with the parents and family during all levels of the service delivery.To foster participation in care for the infant, unrestricted visiting hours should be encouraged for the nuclear family of the neonate. In Malta, visiting hours are restricted to parents only due to increase in cross infection when family members were allowed to visit for 1 hour everyday during the day. However, timing of care may still be arranged to facilitate parents participation. In addition, special moments such as babys first time off CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) needs to take place during parents presence. Cockfort (2011), highlights that confused opportunities to involve parents in care, heighten anxiety and can create a sense of sadness and lonesomeness .Information for mothersMothers vary in the amount of information they can assimilate under stress. Therefore identifying parents feelings through active listening and observing will help us to pick up on parents cues and respond appropriately in order to provide parents with accurate and clear information (Fenwick et al 2008). Nicholas-Sargent (2009), adds that, information regarding the health status of the baby needs to be give in a timely provision.Parker (2011), recommends the access to certified interpreters for non-English speaking parents to enab le them to ask questions and get the information they need as well as information regarding the counselling services.Likewise, an updated information board at the infants bedside helps mothers retain information while feeling welcome at the bedside. In my opinion, these interventions create an environment that facilitates maternal- infant attachment by promoting maternal competence with meaningful positive parenting skills and fostering partnership in care..ConclusionIn summary, the findings showed that parents of infants admitted to the NICU experience stress, depression, anxiety, and feelings of powerlessness, hopelessness, and craziness within the environment of the NICU. These situations are often overwhelming and catastrophic for the mothers keeping in mind that the process of motherhood is a protecting and loving phenomenon. Therefore mothers should participate in the care of their sick, fragile infant in the NICU through mother-infant interaction.Nurses need to be supportive and informative in dealing with parents in the NICU. Therefore, the need for parents to be given the access of interpretation by certified interpreters in order to subjugate language barriers has been identified. Further, information and emotional support is required throughout the stay in the NICU, However, it was further found that information in preparation for discharge planning is vital. This enhances parental knowledge and decreases stress, which promotes more effective parenting.Further, as understanding of the parents experience of having an infant admitted to the NICU increases, nurses will be better prepared to meet parental needs and alleviate parental suffering. Providing holistic, developmentally supportive care and open communication with parents in this stressful experience is essential. Moreover, the need for family-centered care has been identified.REFERENCE LISTAli, M.S., Sharma. J., Sharma. R., Alam. S. (2009). Kangaroo mother care as compare to conventional ca re for low birth weight babies. Dicle Tip Dergisi. 36(3), 155-160.Chiu S. Anderson G.C., (2009). Effect of early skin-to-skin contact on motherpreterm infant interaction through 18 months Randomized controlled trial. 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